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The podcast hosts describe a real legal transaction under international law ("State Succession Treaty 1400/98"), which triggers a domino effect through the sale of a NATO site with the connected supply networks (electricity, water, telecommunications) as a unit and leads to a worldwide expansion of territory, since NATO and the UN are involved. The treaty is interpreted as the basis for a new world order - N.W.O. - in which the buyer gains sovereignty over global network infrastructures. The argument is based on various international treaty chains (NATO-SOFA, UNCLOS, ITU conventions) to which the treaty acts as a supplementary document. Critical comments on the claims made are also presented. Podcast Spotify https://open.spotify.com/show/1oxMMUvvIAjtzM8WXOXN9d

Season 1 - Episode 1 "Young, ignorant, accidentally buys the whole world!" The sale of the sovereign rights of all NATO and UN countries (i.e. the whole world) to a young, ignorant real estate agent through a 1998 international treaty in which the development was sold as a unit with all rights, obligations and components as a unit. This triggered a domino effect of territorial expansion beyond the NATO property originally sold. Through the involvement of NATO and the UN, networks and thus sovereignty are affected worldwide. Another, subsequent treaty was supposed to transfer everything to Germany before the young man knew what he had bought, but this was sabotaged by double agents. This transfer under international law was to enable Germany's plans for world domination. The podcast hosts discuss the legal implications of this contract and the resulting damage to the buyer by Germany. An assassination attempt on the buyer's mother is described as well as the attempt to cover up the truth. One document describes the legal details of the contract and its possible consequences, the other focuses on the story behind the contract. Podcast https://open.spotify.com/show/1oxMMUvvIAjtzM8WXOXN9d

Domino Effect of Territorial Expansion & Chain Reaction of the Supplementary Instrument: A Comprehensive Explanation Instrument of State Succession 1400/98 is a comprehensive and significant document that has far-reaching implications for international law, global jurisdiction and territorial control. It is not just a simple treaty on the sale of territory, but a supplementary instrument that unfolds global effects through a chain reaction. Global Territory Expansion Exclusive free download Read now as PDF Chain reaction of worldwide territorial expansion The involvement of the United Nations and NATO in the sale under international law of a NATO military property with all rights, obligations and components with all networks connected to the public supply network as a unit has triggered a legal effect of the expansion of national borders that ultimately covers the entire globe. Treaty chain to NATO & UN Domino effect of the area expansion The territorial expansion through the domino effect of the sale of the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components is a central mechanism of the state succession deed 1400/98. In short, a NATO property was sold with the development as a unit under international law, which leads out of the property. Since NATO has thus consented, all NATO STATES are affected by the effect of the territorial extension. Due to NATO's integration into the UN, the area sold even extends to all UN states - i.e. worldwide! This expansion affects all parties to the agreement - including NATO, the UN, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), the Kingdom of the Netherlands (NL) and in particular the Dutch Air Force, which is 100% integrated into NATO. As soon as the development (i.e. the networks) of the area sold is physically connected to other networks, this domino effect gradually covers other areas. This leads to an unstoppable territorial expansion that ends globally. 1. start of the area expansion: connection of the NATO conversion property to the public grid The NATO military property, which was sold in the state succession deed, was connected to the public utility grid in Germany. This network - consisting of electricity, water, telecommunications and other supply networks - connects the property directly to the German public network. This physical connection starts the domino effect: - Germany is the first country to be covered, as the NATO property is connected to the German grid. This includes the entire supply network leading out from the property. 2. Domino effect: From Germany to the neighboring countries Once Germany is covered, the domino effect expands further. The contract states that any network that is physically connected to or overlaps with another network automatically becomes part of the sale. This effect not only covers the German territory, but also spreads to all neighboring countries that are connected to the German grid: - The domino effect is passed on from NATO country to NATO country via the European electricity grid. Countries such as France, Belgium, the Netherlands and other European NATO members are also affected by their connections to the German electricity grid. 3. global expansion via submarine cables and telecommunications networks A particularly significant part of the domino effect relates to telecommunications networks, especially telecommunications cables, broadband and internet connections. These networks extend via submarine cables that connect Europe with North America: - The European telecommunications cable network is connected to submarine cables to Canada and the USA. Once this physical connection is established, the USA and Canada also become part of the territorial extension. - From there, the domino effect jumps to other NATO countries in North America and beyond. 4. transition from NATO countries to UN countries Once NATO countries are fully covered, the territorial extension extends further to UN countries. The physical connection of networks leads to a continuous transition: - NATO countries connected to UN countries through networks carry the domino effect further. Any UN country that is connected to NATO countries through power grids, telecommunication cables or other physical connections also becomes part of the extended territorial chain. - The transition is seamless, as many NATO members are also UN members, allowing the territorial expansion to spread unhindered from NATO country to UN country and from UN country to UN country. 5. boundary determination through logical network connections The boundaries of the extended territory are not determined by conventional geographical boundary lines, but by the logical connections between the outer strands of the recorded networks. This means that the borders are oriented along the air lines between the outer connections of the networks: - This forms a logical island around all captured networks that are linked by physical or functional connections. - Since the whole world is interconnected - through electricity, water, telecommunication and other infrastructure networks - this means that the whole world is covered in the course of the territorial extension. 6. The global dimension: the whole world is covered This domino effect leads to an unstoppable global expansion. The physical interconnection of the networks means that the whole world ultimately becomes part of the territories sold. Each network connection pulls the next country into the chain until the entire world is affected by the sale of the development as a unit. - Submarine cables connect continents and mean that not only Europe and North America are covered, but also other regions. - All physically connected countries, whether NATO members or UN members, are affected, leading to a global expansion of territory. 7. rights and obligations of states sold By selling the development as a unit, not only were the physical territories sold, but also the rights and obligations of all states. This concerns both the national and international obligations established by previous treaties. - All existing contractual relationships of the countries concerned are covered and changed by the state succession deed. The states thus lose not only their sovereignty over their territories, but also over their international obligations. Conclusion: The new world order The Act of State Succession has created a new global order through the domino effect of development as a unit. This territorial expansion proceeds in a chain reaction from NATO country to NATO country and from UN country to UN country until the entire world is covered. All networks that are physically connected to each other contribute to the expansion of the territories covered, and the logical demarcation of borders along the network connections leads to the global inclusion of all countries. As a result, states are no longer in possession of their territory and have lost their rights and obligations. A new world order has emerged, based on the foundations of state succession and restructuring all international connections and obligations. The world is sold! State succession deed 1400 Legal explanations on the state succession deed 1400/98 can be found here: Contract Focus UN Focus NATO FAQs Domino effect Contract chain World Court International Telecommunications law & UNITED NATIONS International Telecommunications law & UNITED NATIONS International Telecommunications law & UNITED NATIONS International Telecommunications law & UNITED NATIONS Dominoeffect of global territorial expansion through the sale of the telecommunications network as part of internal development and direct contractual chain to the UN International telecommunications networks and the second dominoeffect of global territorial expansion and a second , direct treaty chain from the 1400 Act of Succession to the United Nations (even without NATO). A. There are many international agreements and organizations dealing with military communications networks that involve the United Nations (UN): 1. United Nations Peacekeeping Operations: - UN peacekeeping missions often involve the establishment and use of communications networks for military purposes. These networks are crucial for the coordination and security of peacekeeping forces. 2. International Telecommunication Union (ITU): - The ITU, a specialized agency of the UN, plays a role in setting standards and regulations for military communications systems, particularly in the area of frequency allocation and coordination. 3. NATO-UN cooperation: - NATO and the UN cooperate in various areas, including military communications. This cooperation includes joint exercises and the development of interoperable communication systems. These agreements and organizations demonstrate how the international community works together to regulate the use and protection of military communications networks and to ensure that these networks are operated securely and efficiently. B. NATO and the UN cooperate in various areas, including military communications. This cooperation includes the development of interoperable communication systems and the coordination of communication strategies. Here are some specific treaties and frameworks that support this cooperation: 1. Washington Treaty (NATO Treaty): - NATO's founding treaty, also known as the North Atlantic Treaty, establishes the foundations for collective defense and cooperation among member nations. Articles 4 and 5 of the Treaty are particularly relevant to military communications and joint defense planning. 2. NATO Strategic Communications Framework: - This framework was developed to coordinate and improve NATO's strategic communications. It includes guidelines and standards for military communications and cooperation with international partners, including the UN. 3. UN-NATO Declaration: - This declaration, signed in 2008, strengthens cooperation between the UN and NATO in various areas, including peacekeeping and military communications. 4. NATO-UN Cooperation Agreements: - There are several specific agreements and memoranda of understanding that govern cooperation between NATO and the UN in peacekeeping missions and other military operations. These agreements often include the sharing of communications infrastructure and the development of interoperable systems¹. These agreements and frameworks show how NATO and the UN work together to ensure that their military communications systems are efficient and interoperable. C. Important international treaties and paragraphs on telecommunications and supply networks: 1. NATO Status of Forces Agreement of 19.06.1951 (SOFA) - Relevant paragraphs on telecommunications and supply networks: - Article 6: Use of utility lines by the armed forces. - Article 7: Communication rights of NATO forces, including the establishment and use of telecommunications networks. - Article 9: Use of civilian infrastructure such as roads, pipelines and telecommunications in the host country. - Application to the Instrument of State Succession 1400: These provisions ensure NATO forces the right to use host country telecommunications and utility networks. With the sale of the development as a unit in State Succession Deed 1400, these rights are transferred to the buyer, initiating the domino effect of global territory expansion. The development includes all physical and digital networks connected to the NATO property. 2. NATO Status of Forces Agreement of 20.09.1951 - Relevant paragraphs: - Article 4: Use of public services by NATO forces, including utility networks such as water, electricity and telecommunications. - Article 7: NATO's radio and telecommunications rights in host countries. - Application to Instrument of State Succession 1400: These provisions allow NATO to use telecommunications networks and utility lines of host countries. Through the sale of the development as a unit in State Instrument 1400, all these networks are now extended globally, which means that these network rights apply in all NATO and UN countries. 3. Headquarters Protocol of 28.08.1952 - Relevant paragraphs: - Article 3: Telecommunications networks that may be used by NATO Headquarters. - Article 5: Supply lines shared between civilian and military facilities. - Application to the State Succession Charter 1400: NATO headquarters may operate their own communications networks and be integrated into the civilian supply network. These rights are transferred to the purchaser upon sale of the development as a unit and extend the area in which these rights apply. 4. host nation support agreements with the USA (15.04.1982), UK (13.12.1983), and Canada (09.06.1989) - Relevant paragraphs on telecommunications and supply networks: - Article 2: Access to utility networks and telecommunications infrastructure in the host country. - Article 5: Support through civil infrastructure, including telecommunications and energy networks. - Application to the State Succession Instrument 1400: The Host Nation Support Agreements allow NATO to use the civilian telecommunications and utility networks of host nations. These rights, which originally applied to NATO, are transferred globally to the buyer through the State Succession Deed. The domino effect of the territorial expansion thus also affects all host nation support agreements and their network infrastructure. 5. agreement of 30.11.1961 with NATO on the implementation of Part IV of the Ottawa Convention - Relevant paragraphs: - Article 4: Telecommunications and supply lines shared between military and civilian facilities. - Article 6: Protection and use of radio frequencies and communication rights. - Application to the State Succession Deed 1400: This agreement concerns the protection and use of communications networks and rights. Through the state succession deed and the sale of the development as a unit, these rights are transferred globally to the buyer, whereby the domino effect of the territorial expansion also includes telecommunications networks. 6. German-Dutch agreement dated 06.10.1997 - Relevant paragraphs: - Article 2: Shared use of telecommunication and supply lines between German and Dutch NATO units. - Article 5: Use of civil-military infrastructure, including power, water and telecommunication lines. - (when this international agreement was concluded in 1997, the State Accession Treaty 1400 had already been in the negotiation phase for two years, so these agreements on the use of communications infrastructure were already a preparation to securely trigger the treaty chain and the domino effect of global territorial expansion). - Application to the State Succession Deed 1400: This bilateral agreement on the use of telecommunications networks and supply lines between Germany and the Netherlands is transferred to the buyer by the sale of the development as a unit. These rights are extended to all NATO and UN countries through the contractual chain and the global territorial extension. 7. NATO Secrecy Convention of 06.03.1997 - Relevant paragraphs: - Article 8: Protection of communications and supply networks used for military purposes. - Application to the State Accession Treaty 1400: The agreement regulates the protection of networks used for military communications. By selling the development as a unit, these communication networks are integrated into the domino effect of global territorial expansion, and the buyer acquires the rights to use and manage these networks. D. Summary of the Host Nation Support Agreements and their application to State Succession Deed 1400: Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements provide NATO with the right to use the civilian infrastructures of host nations. These agreements are not limited to military operations, but also cover the use of telecommunications and supply networks. With the state succession deed and the sale of the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components, these rights are globalized and transferred to the buyer. This applies to both national and international networks associated with NATO operations. Telecommunications and utility networks in the context of the 1400 State Succession Deed: - Telecommunication networks: All networks that were connected to the original NATO property are extended to other NATO and UN countries through the global domino effect. - Supply networks: Electricity, water, gas and broadband networks originally used in the property are extended globally by linking them to civilian networks. By selling the development as a single entity, the state succession deed covers not only the NATO property, but also the global utility and telecommunications networks connected to this property. The domino effect of global territorial expansion occurs as soon as these networks are connected to civilian and military networks of other countries, ultimately affecting the entire world. 1. host nation support (HNS) agreements and NATO-UN integration: HNS agreements, described in NATO treaties, provide comprehensive support to deployed forces, such as infrastructure, supply chains and communications networks. These agreements have been crucial in ensuring that military operations, such as those of the Dutch Air Force in Zweibrücken, have access to local resources, including telecommunications and infrastructure networks. - In Instrument of State Succession 1400, these rights were used to extend the rights of NATO and the UN by selling the entire telecommunications infrastructure as an "integral part" ("with all rights and obligations"). This also includes all international telecommunications networks connected to military infrastructure and creates the basis for global territorial expansion through the inclusion of telecommunications networks that cross national borders. 2. telecommunications treaties: The International Telecommunication Treaty (1982),, strengthens the global telecommunication framework for military and civilian communication networks. Article 4 of the treaty emphasizes global cooperation in telecommunications for civil and military purposes, which supports the infrastructure for defense operations. This supports the second treaty chain, where telecommunications networks are sold globally along with military infrastructure. This domino effect is triggered by the international interconnection of military bases such as Ramstein and Zweibrücken with NATO-UN telecommunication networks. - Through the use of international telecommunication treaties, the state succession deed connects 1400 military and civilian communication networks in a globalized telecommunication regime. Since the sale was "with all rights, duties and interests", this brings all military communication infrastructures, including internet and cable systems, under a global legal framework, allowing for worldwide territorial expansion via the telecommunication lines connecting countries. 3. domino effect of global territorial expansion: A central point of the 1400 Act of State Succession is the sale of infrastructure as a unit. The mention of the telecommunication network as an important part of this infrastructure sale reinforces the territorial expansion due to the global nature of the telecommunication lines. From military bases to national networks, these connections are placed under a single jurisdiction - that of the buyer. This leads to a domino effect of territorial expansion, with each connected network also falling under the scope of the deed. 4. jurisdiction and sovereign immunities: In SOFA agreements, such as those between NATO and host nations like Germany, sovereign immunity is granted to military personnel, as well as operational control over strategic communications and logistics networks. These immunities and rights were extended globally in the 1400 Act of State Succession. The instrument transferred all legal jurisdiction over communications networks and international agreements to the purchaser, consolidating global military and civilian legal oversight under a single authority. - Article 17 of the International Telecommunication Treaty guarantees the legal personality and immunity of telecommunications organizations such as the ITU, which supports the immunity and extraterritorial reach of military and civilian communications networks. These rights, previously reserved to NATO and the UN, are now transferred globally to the buyer, with all jurisdictions covered by the telecommunications networks sold in the deed. 5. treaty chain to the UN: the NATO-UN agreements set out in the NATO-SOFA treaties and the telecommunication treaties such as the International Telecommunication Treaty automatically recognize the treaty obligations and territorial extensions of the State Succession Deed 1400. This leads to global recognition of the sale of communications networks and military infrastructure, with all nations that have signed NATO and UN treaties being bound by automatic treaty recognition. By focusing on these aspects - telecommunication rights, military bases, global expansion through networks, and the legal framework for immunity and jurisdiction - State Succession Treaty 1400 becomes a powerful tool for global territorial expansion. 6. The Instrument of State Succession 1400 forms a chain of treaties that establishes a direct link to international telecommunications law and the UN through the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The ITU, a specialized agency of the UN, regulates telecommunications standards worldwide and is based on the ITU Constitution and Convention. This international legal structure leads to a global expansion of territory, which was triggered by the Act of Succession of States 1400. 7. Link between the HNS Agreement and the 1400 Act of State Succession The Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements stipulate that the civilian networks of host nations can be used for the deployment of NATO forces. These civilian networks include telecommunications and supply networks. The provision in Instrument of State Succession 1400 that the telecommunications network was sold as part of the internal development creates a legal link between the NATO military network and the civilian telecommunications networks. This connection leads to a global territorial expansion, as NATO stationing rights over civilian infrastructures are effective worldwide. In the State Succession Charter 1400, the telecommunications cable was expressly sold as part of the "internal development" (§ 13 Internal Development, IX. Telecommunications Cable). As the telecommunications cable is an essential part of the international telecommunications network, the entire global telecommunications network was included in the scope of the deed when it was sold. 8. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and UN The ITU, as part of the UN, regulates international telecommunications law. The Constitution and Convention of the ITU is the international treaty signed by almost all countries in the world and sets global standards for telecommunications. This convention forms the basis for the second contractual chain, which starts from the NATO site in Zweibrücken and leads via the international telecommunications cable system to the national telecommunications networks worldwide right through to the house connections. Important paragraphs from the ITU Convention: - Article 1 of the Constitution of the ITU defines the tasks and responsibilities of the ITU, including the establishment of global standards for telecommunications. - Article 12 regulates the ITU's cooperation with other international organizations, including the UN, to ensure that all telecommunications standards are harmonized and coordinated worldwide. 9. Domino effect of global territorial expansion The sale of the telecommunications network as part of the development in State Accession Deed 1400 creates a domino effect leading to global territorial expansion. The telecommunications cable connects the NATO property with the national telecommunications networks. Since the telecommunications cable runs internationally and is connected to national networks, this means that all networks connected to this cable fall under the jurisdiction of Instrument of Succession 1400. 10. Second contractual chain and global territorial extension The second chain of treaties relates to international telecommunications law and the role of the ITU. The regulations of the ITU make it possible for the Act of State Succession 1400 to achieve a global extension to all states in the world directly via the telecommunications cable. This global territorial extension takes place because the networks are connected worldwide via the telecommunications cable. Every network connection that is connected to the international telecommunications network falls under the scope of the deed. 11. UN participation through international telecommunications law The UN is directly involved in international telecommunications law through the ITU, which means that State Succession Instrument 1400 forms a parallel and independent treaty chain to the UN, functioning independently of the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA). This ensures that global territorial expansion is recognized both through NATO and directly through the UN and its participating states. 12. Relevant international treaties and paragraphs - Constitution of the ITU (Articles 1 and 12): Defines the role of the ITU in the global regulation of telecommunications and its cooperation with the UN. - Instrument of State Succession 1400: § 13, IX. Telecommunications cable: Describes the telecommunications cable as part of the development that triggers a global territorial domino effect. - Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements: These agreements allow the use of civilian infrastructures by NATO forces and lead to a comprehensive integration of military and civilian telecommunications networks. 13. treaty chain and global consequences The treaty chain, which extends from NATO to the UN to national telecommunications networks, and the sale of the development as a unit in the State Succession Treaty 1400, has far-reaching global territorial implications. The international telecommunications cable and the national networks connected to it become part of this comprehensive legal extension. This extension affects all states that are part of the international telecommunications system and members of the ITU and the UN. Here are further detailed explanations in connection with the State Succession Act 1400 and its impact on the global territorial extension as well as the contractual chain to international telecommunications law, ITU and the UN. 13.1. Specific aspects of international telecommunications law International telecommunications law is a basis for global communication standards. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), a UN specialized agency, plays a central role here. ITU treaties, such as the ITU Constitution and Convention, lay down global standards for telecommunications, radio and telecommunications cables. The State Succession Charter 1400, which sold the telecommunications cable as part of internal development, thus extends territorial rights through the entire telecommunications network. Importantly, the UN is contractually integrated into the international telecommunications network through the ITU. These treaties link the state succession charter directly to the UN, independently of the NATO-SOFA treaty chain, thereby triggering a global treaty chain and territorial extension. Important paragraphs of the ITU Treaty. - Article 28 of the ITU Convention: regulates the participation of states in the ITU and their obligations in international telecommunications. - Article 44 of the ITU Constitution: Stipulates that member states are responsible for ensuring that telecommunications are used to promote peace and international cooperation. 13.2. Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements and state infrastructures The HNS agreements allow NATO forces to use civilian infrastructures of host nations, in particular telecommunications and supply networks. Due to the provisions in the State Succession Treaty 1400, according to which the development was sold as a unit with all rights and obligations, these rights extend to civilian networks worldwide. The domino effect of territorial expansion thus affects every country connected via telecommunications or supply networks. The HNS agreements include the entire civilian supply network, as NATO relies on civilian telecommunications infrastructures to operate its military bases. The UN is linked to this structure by international telecommunications law. Important paragraphs of the HNS agreements: - Article 3 of the HNS Agreement: regulates the civilian infrastructure that may be used by NATO, including telecommunications systems. - Article 8 of the HNS Agreement: stipulates that NATO may operate on civilian network infrastructures without national restrictions. 13.3. Contractual chain from the telecommunications cable to the UN The telecommunications cable that existed at the NATO site in Zweibrücken as part of the development leads to a global contractual chain from NATO via the national telecommunications networks to the ITU and UN. This part of the contract stipulates that the sale of the telecommunications cable brings the entire telecommunications network under the scope of the state succession deed. The national infrastructure connected to this network is also included in the global territorial extension. 13.4. Global territorial extension through the telecommunications sale The interconnection of national telecommunications networks and the international telecommunications network results in a territorial extension that reinforces the domino effect. Every country that is connected to a telecommunications network or supply network is affected by the global territorial expansion. The interlinking of NATO and the UN leads to a comprehensive expansion of the scope of the instrument of state succession. 13.5. Relevant international treaties and paragraphs - Host Nation Support Agreement (Articles 3 and 8): This regulates the use of civilian network infrastructures by NATO forces. - Instrument of State Succession 1400 (Section 13, IX. Telecommunications cables): This regulation describes the sale of the telecommunications cable and triggers the global domino effect of territorial expansion. - Constitution of the ITU (Articles 28 and 44): These articles form the basis for global telecommunications regulation and the integration of the UN into the telecommunications network. 13.6. Jurisdiction over the global telecommunications network State Succession Instrument 1400 transfers jurisdiction over the international telecommunications network to the purchaser. Since telecommunications networks are regulated by the ITU and international telecommunications law, the buyer also has legal control over global telecommunications disputes. This jurisdiction is global and ensures that the buyer is the highest authority on all network connections and their use. 14. Conclusion The State Succession Treaty 1400 extends its legal effects to the entire telecommunications infrastructure, both military and civilian networks. This global extension is enabled by the telecommunications cable and host nation support agreements and runs through the treaty chain from NATO to the UN and national telecommunications networks. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the UN ensure that all global telecommunications links fall within the scope of the deed, making the buyer the sole sovereign over the global telecommunications infrastructure. 15. The State Succession Deed 1400 covers a variety of international aspects of international law, including the sale of telecommunications and submarine cable infrastructure. This development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components forms the basis for a global territorial expansion that goes far beyond the original NATO military property. The application of international agreements and treaties is crucial to understanding the far-reaching implications of this deed. Here is a detailed explanation of all relevant international treaties and their implications in relation to the Instrument of State Succession: 16.a. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) - Articles 87, 112 and 113 of UNCLOS provide a legal framework for the laying and protection of submarine cables on the high seas. UNCLOS guarantees the right of all states to lay submarine cables through the high seas and ensures that they can be operated unhindered. - In the context of State Succession Instrument 1400, in which the telecommunications cable was sold as part of the internal development, this means that all submarine cables connected to the national telecommunications networks also fall under the scope of the instrument. This territorial domino effect extends sovereign rights through the infrastructure to the submarine cables crossing international waters. 16.b. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - The constitution and convention of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), which sets the standards for telecommunications, directly links the telecommunications network to the United Nations (UN). By regulating international telecommunications, the ITU ensures that all states worldwide, including military communications networks, comply with global standards. - In the context of state succession, this means that the entire telecommunications network regulated by the ITU is also part of the territorial extension. The sale of the telecommunications cable in the NATO property leads to a global extension via the international telecommunications networks to the UN and the respective national networks. 16.c. Host Nation Support Agreement (HNS) - Articles 3 and 8 of the HNS agreements allow NATO to access the host nation's civil telecommunications and utility networks. These agreements are critical to the operation of NATO forces and their communications infrastructure. - In the State Succession Deed 1400, the telecommunications cable was sold as part of the internal development, which means that NATO bases connected to the national telecommunications network fall within the scope of the deed. The HNS agreements extend the territorial coverage to the entire civilian networks of the host country. 16.d. Washington Treaty (NATO Treaty) - Articles 4 and 5 of the NATO Treaty lay down the foundations for collective defense and cooperation, particularly with regard to military communications. This communication often takes place via national telecommunications networks, which are regulated by the HNS agreements. - Within the framework of State Accession Treaty 1400, these military communication networks extend to all countries cooperating with NATO forces or linked by telecommunications infrastructures. This leads to a global territorial extension, as any country that connects one network to another automatically falls within the scope of the instrument. 16.e. UN-NATO Declaration and NATO-UN cooperation - The UN-NATO Declaration signed in 2008 and the various cooperation agreements between NATO and the UN regulate the joint use of communication infrastructures and military cooperation. NATO often acts as a fighting force for the UN in peacekeeping missions, which means that NATO and UN communications networks are closely linked. - The sale of the telecommunications cable in the deed of state succession creates a second contractual chain between NATO, the national networks and the UN. This contractual chain leads to a second domino effect of global territorial expansion, as the communication infrastructures are used for both civilian and military purposes and the territorial expansion continues to progress through the interlinking of the networks. 16.f. Jurisdiction over the global telecommunications network - Jurisdiction over the international telecommunications network was also sold with the State Succession Deed 1400. This means that the buyer has control over all disputes concerning the use of telecommunications networks worldwide. The ITU and the UN, which are responsible for regulating telecommunications, recognize the deed indirectly through the existing international treaties. - This leads to a global jurisdiction that consolidates sovereign rights over telecommunications networks and establishes the buyer as the supreme authority. 16.g. Logical consequences and the domino effect - The sale of the telecommunications cable in the State Succession Deed 1400 triggers a domino effect of global territorial expansion that extends across national telecommunications networks, submarine cables and international telecommunications networks. Every country that has a network connection with another country is included in the scope of the deed. - This domino effect affects both civilian networks (e.g. telephone lines, internet connections) and military communications networks regulated by the HNS agreements. 16.h. Relevant international treaties and paragraphs - UNCLOS (Articles 87, 112, 113): Regulates the laying and protection of submarine cables on the high seas. - ITU Constitution (Articles 28 and 44): Determines the global regulation of telecommunications and cooperation with the UN. - Host Nation Support Agreement (Articles 3 and 8): Regulates the use of civilian network infrastructures by NATO forces. - NATO Treaty (Articles 4 and 5): Sets out the principles of collective defense and military communications. - UN-NATO Declaration (2008): Strengthens cooperation between NATO and the UN, especially in the field of communications and peacekeeping. 16.i. Conclusion The State Accession Treaty 1400 has far-reaching consequences that extend to the entire international telecommunications network. The interlinking of national and international telecommunications networks and the involvement of the ITU and the UN will result in a global territorial expansion. The purchaser of the state succession deed thus gains full control and jurisdiction over the communications infrastructure worldwide, which triggers the domino effect of territorial expansion and consolidates global sovereign rights. 17. NATO Host Nation Support (HNS) Chain of Treaties Agreement on Instrument of State Succession 1400 - Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements are essential contracts that provide NATO forces with access to host nations' civilian telecommunications and supply networks. These agreements govern the conditions under which NATO may access host nation infrastructure, including utilities, power, water, telecommunications and transportation. - The HNS agreement is also sold through the State Succession Deed 1400, in which the development was sold as a unit with all rights, obligations and components. This means that NATO's territorial and infrastructural rights to access the host nation's networks are transferred to the buyer. This extends the networks of NATO bases and properties to global infrastructures, as the telecommunications networks are connected to the national networks and ultimately to the international network. 18. NATO's special rights regarding the location and extent of military bases - According to the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA), NATO has the right to decide on the location and extent of military bases. These rights include disciplinary authority, command authority and determining the use of telecommunications and supply infrastructures. - These special rights are transferred to the buyer through the State Succession Deed 1400. The rights established by NATO to extend and expand military bases now continue worldwide through the integration of civilian networks. In particular, the telecommunications network, which is explicitly mentioned in the deed, is sold as part of the development, which means that all networks connected to the NATO bases are also included. This triggers a global expansion of territory that goes hand in hand with the expansion of infrastructure. 19. Domino effect of global territorial expansion through network connections - The development as a unit mentioned in the deed of cession includes in particular the telecommunications cable laid to supply the student residence. The integration of this cable into the global telecommunications network and the connection to the telecommunications networks of other countries triggers a domino effect of territorial expansion. The telecommunications cable is just one example: any network that is connected to another physical network is also covered by the deed. - This leads to an expansion of the area sold, as the networks cross not only national but also international borders. This domino effect covers national supply networks (electricity, water, internet) as well as military communication networks. Ultimately, the network is covered right down to the house connections, extending the territorial expansion to the entire world. 20. Immunities and jurisdiction - The State Succession Deed 1400 also includes jurisdiction over all disputes arising from the rights and obligations sold. This includes jurisdiction under international law over the networks and infrastructures mentioned in the deed. The buyer obtains full jurisdiction over the telecommunications networks and their use, as jurisdiction over the territory and infrastructure was also sold. - Due to the global territorial extension resulting from the sale of the networks, the buyer becomes the supreme judge of all disputes concerning the use and operation of these networks. This applies to both civilian and military networks, which now fall under the jurisdiction of the buyer. 21. Consent without objection - According to the provisions of Art. 20 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), an international treaty is considered binding if no objection is raised within 12 months. In the case of State Succession Instrument 1400, none of the contracting states concerned lodged an objection, as a result of which the instrument automatically enters into force. - Tacit consent, in particular by the participating NATO and UN states, means that all these states are bound by the provisions of the instrument without the need for explicit ratification. This makes the instrument legally binding for all subjects of international law concerned. 22. Jurisdiction and recognition of jurisdiction - As jurisdiction over the territory and infrastructure has been sold in the State Succession Deed, the buyer is the sole judge of all national and international disputes. This includes all issues relating to the use of telecommunications cables, military communications networks and civilian infrastructure. - The recognition of jurisdiction is achieved through the involvement of the UN and the ITU (International Telecommunication Union), as these organizations are responsible for the regulation and arbitration of disputes in the telecommunications sector. The sale of the telecommunications network means that the buyer's jurisdiction is recognized worldwide. 23. Other important aspects of stationing rights - NATO's stationing rights under the HNS Agreements and the NATO SOFA allow NATO to access the host country's infrastructure without restrictions imposed by the host country's national laws. These rights, which were originally limited to NATO properties, have been extended to the entire civil-military infrastructure by the Instrument of State Succession. - This means that the stationing rights, including control over supply networks (e.g. electricity, water, telecommunications), now apply globally. The buyer thus acquires full sovereign rights over these networks, which results in a worldwide territorial expansion. 24. Link between state succession deed and UN telecommunication rights - The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the specialized UN agency responsible for global telecommunications law. The links between the national telecommunications cables and the international telecommunications networks establish a direct connection between the instrument of state succession and the ITU. - Global jurisdiction over these networks is governed by the ITU Convention and the Constitution of the ITU, which has been signed and ratified by almost all UN member states. This direct link leads to a further treaty chain between the instrument of state succession and the UN, independent of NATO. 25. Relevant international treaties and paragraphs - UNCLOS (Articles 87, 112, 113): Regulation on submarine cables and their use in international waters. - ITU Constitution and Convention (Articles 28 and 44): Regulation of international telecommunications law and cooperation with the UN. - Host Nation Support Agreement (Articles 3 and 8): Use of civilian networks by NATO forces. - NATO Treaty (Articles 4 and 5): Collective defense and use of communications infrastructures. - UN-NATO Declaration (2008): Cooperation in military operations and communications. Conclusion The State Succession Treaty 1400 extends all rights and obligations to the global telecommunications and network infrastructure by selling the development as a unit. This results in a far-reaching territorial extension that includes both military and civilian networks. The buyer gains full jurisdiction and control over these networks, triggering the global domino effect of territorial expansion and affecting the entire international community. Extract from the deed of succession 1400/98 Full text See: "§ 13 Internal development IX. Telecommunications cable The purchasers are aware that a telecommunications cable is laid on the western boundary of the property, behind the residential building at Virginiastrasse 8-12, to supply the student hall of residence. The purchasers tolerate the continued existence of the telecommunications cable, the route of which is marked in red on the site plan (Annex 7)." See: "§2 Contractual relationships V. The following contractual relationships also exist: 1. license agreement for the operation of a broadband cabling system with TKS Telepost Kabel-Service Kaiserslautern GmbH dated 22.02.1995/ 28.03.1995. The buyer under 2b) enters into this contract, of which it is aware, in place of the Federal Government." Cable TV, telephone, Internet and worldwide territorial expansion By referring to an old concession agreement (from 1995) between the FRG and TKS Telepost (which supplies international military sites with telephone, internet and cable television), a further domino effect of global territorial expansion was created on the one hand, and further contractual chains were created A. to NATO-SOFA-VN-NL-BRD and B. directly to the UN via international telecommunications law. Treaty chain to NATO & UN Here is a detailed explanation of State Succession Charter 1400, in relation to international treaties, the privatization of communications networks, the sale of sovereign rights and the impact on telecommunications networks, broadband and submarine cable infrastructures, and the global domino effect of territorial expansion: 1. contractual chain and privatization of communications networks in Germany - In the 1990s, the German communications networks were privatized. At the time of the sale of the State Succession Deed 1400 (October 6, 1998), some communication networks were still in state hands, which means that the sovereign rights over these networks were sold directly by the FRG. The TKS Telepost license agreement from 1995 , which is referred to in the state succession deed, regulated the use of telecommunications lines on NATO military properties (formerly US military bases), which also affected the use of these networks. - The sovereign rights over the telecommunications networks were explicitly sold in the state succession deed as part of the internal development, which also included control and jurisdiction over these networks. This led to a far-reaching global domino effect, as the networked communication systems extend beyond NATO bases and international infrastructures and affect national networks and international submarine cables. 2. sale of the telecommunications network and reference to the license agreement with TKS Telepost - The sale of the telecommunications network is explicitly mentioned in § 13 of the State Succession Deed 1400: "The purchasers are aware that a telecommunications cable is laid on the western boundary of the property, behind the residential building at Virginiastrasse 8-12, to supply the student residence." This reference makes it clear that the telecommunications network is an integral part of the unit being sold. - The concession contract of TKS Telepost (a subsidiary of Vodafone, originally founded by DeTeKabel-Service Bonn in partnership with USEUCOM and the US Air Force) plays a central role in the provision of Internet, telephone and broadband services on NATO military bases worldwide. TKS provides Internet and cable TV services to US bases in Europe and has contracted the sovereign rights over the networks that were sold in the State Succession Deed. 3. special rights and NATO SOFA (Status of Forces Agreement) - Sovereign rights over communications networks, including NATO networks, were governed by the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (NATO-SOFA) and Host Nation Support Agreements, which allow NATO to access civilian infrastructures such as telecommunications networks. These special rights were transferred to the buyer through the State Succession Deed 1400, giving the buyer control over the telecommunications infrastructure previously used by NATO military bases under the SOFA. - By selling the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and elements in the Deed of Assignment, this infrastructure is now controlled globally through the purchaser. Since NATO is responsible for many international communications systems that are also used in UN peacekeeping missions, the sale also covers all UN-connected infrastructure and communications rights. 4. International telecommunications agreements and submarine cables - The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN), plays a central role in the regulation and standardization of telecommunications systems, including submarine cables, which are used worldwide for data transmission. The integration of the ITU into the UN creates a direct contractual chain from the 1400 Act of Succession of States to the UN. - The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) regulates the laying and protection of submarine cables on the high seas. Since these submarine cables are part of the global telecommunications infrastructure and were sold as part of the internal development in the instrument of state succession, the buyer also becomes the legal owner of the submarine cable rights. 5. Domino effect of global territorial expansion - The sale of telecommunications infrastructure, including telecommunications cable, broadband network, cable TV and internet network, triggers a domino effect of global territorial expansion. Each time a telecommunications network is connected to another physical network, the affected territory expands. The telecommunications network at the NATO military base in Zweibrücken is connected to international submarine cables and telecommunications networks that are ultimately used worldwide. This means that the development as a unit extends from country to country, via submarine cables and national telecommunications networks, to the entire world. 6. operating licenses and international broadcasters - The NATO SOFA also regulates the operating licenses for international military broadcasters such as the American Forces Network (AFN), British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) and Canadian Forces Network (CFN), which are distributed worldwide via NATO communications networks. These broadcasters use civilian and military communications networks and thus also contribute to the extension of the treaty chain triggered by the 1400 Act of Succession. The buyer thus acquires sovereign rights over these networks and their use. 7. Links to the UN and ITU - International communication rights - The ITU regulates international telecommunications law, and its agreements and implementing regulations (in particular the Radio Regulations and the Regulations on International Telecommunications Services) form the basis for the use of global networks. Since the ITU is a specialized agency of the UN, a direct link to the UN is also created by the State Accession Charter 1400, which makes the buyer a central player in the global telecommunications system. - The Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union are central treaties under international law that have been signed by almost all states in the world and which regulate close cooperation between the UN and the ITU. The sale of the telecommunications network in the state succession deed integrates this infrastructure into the global network of the ITU, which also enables the purchaser to manage and exercise jurisdiction over international telecommunications infrastructures. - Conclusion The State Succession Deed 1400 transfers all rights, obligations and components of the telecommunications infrastructure, including telecommunications, broadband, TV and Internet networks, as well as the sovereign rights over these networks, to the purchaser. The international nature of these networks leads to a far-reaching global expansion of territory, which is made possible by the links to international telecommunications agreements such as the ITU and UNCLOS as well as the use of civil and military networks within the framework of NATO-SOFA. The buyer thus gains full control and jurisdiction over these infrastructures, which has global implications for the use and management of communication systems. 8. link between TKS Telepost and the NATO-UN contractual chain - TKS Telepost, a subsidiary of Vodafone, was originally established to provide cable TV, Internet and telephone services to US military bases in Germany. The military communications infrastructures serviced by TKS are part of the NATO infrastructure, which means that these systems are deployed on NATO military bases in Europe and around the world. - As these networks, which were regulated by the concession agreement between TKS and the FRG in 1995, are mentioned in the state succession deed, these communication systems are also sold in the deed as part of the internal development. This means that control over the military communications networks in Europe and beyond was transferred to the buyer. - Due to the close linkage of NATO communication infrastructures with the UN, especially through the peacekeeping missions where NATO often acts as a UN fighting force (e.g. in Kosovo), the communication infrastructure that was originally in the hands of NATO is now transferred to the global jurisdiction of the buyer. This happens through the treaty chain that extends from NATO through the UN, triggering a domino effect of global territorial expansion. 9. Global jurisdiction through sovereign rights over communications networks - With the sale of sovereign rights over telecommunications infrastructures, including military and civilian communications systems, the buyer assumes jurisdiction over these systems. This jurisdiction extends not only to the German territory, but also to the entire NATO infrastructure and all associated networks used worldwide. - Jurisdiction also includes international links, such as the submarine cables connecting NATO and UN member states. The sale of the telecommunications network in the Instrument of State Succession integrates the infrastructure into the UN and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) treaty chain, thereby regulating and managing communications networks at a global level. - This global jurisdiction means that the buyer in the State Succession Deed 1400 has exclusive jurisdiction over all territories and networks that are part of the internal development. 10. sale of sovereign rights over civil and military telecommunications infrastructures - The use of civilian telecommunications networks by the military is governed by the Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements, which are part of the NATO-SOFA chain of agreements. These agreements allow NATO to access the civilian networks of the host nation. The links between NATO and the UN, particularly in military and peacekeeping operations, also affect the civilian networks in these countries. - The State Accession Treaty 1400 extends these sovereign rights by regulating the sale of the networks as part of the development. Since NATO bases are often based on civilian networks, the buyer's sovereignty extends to the national telecommunications systems of the countries concerned. 11. Importance of the sale of submarine cables and telecommunications networks - Submarine cables are an essential infrastructure for global internet and telephone traffic. They are regulated under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which permits the laying and maintenance of these cables in international waters. As the submarine cables are part of the telecommunications infrastructure sold in the State Succession Deed, the buyer becomes the owner and manager of this infrastructure. - Since NATO and the UN use both military and civilian communications systems, the sale of the telecommunications networks also extends to international military and civilian submarine cables. This means that the buyer also controls the global communications infrastructure through global sovereignty. 12. Global impact of the sale of the development as a unit - The sale of the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and elements in the deed of succession has triggered a global territorial expansion, as the telecommunications infrastructure extends far beyond the boundaries of the original NATO military base in Zweibrücken. The networks connecting the base to other NATO and UN countries extend worldwide, giving the buyer sovereignty over every country and region connected by these networks. - This domino effect of global territorial expansion is particularly evident in the use of international submarine cables, internet networks and telecommunications infrastructures that extend beyond NATO bases to the homes of civilians. The global spread of these networks means that the buyer acquires sovereign rights over the entire telecommunications infrastructure and thus global jurisdiction. Conclusion and consequences: The State Succession Deed 1400 regulates not only the sale of sovereign territories, but also of telecommunications infrastructures that are globally networked. The contractual chain, which extends via NATO SOFA to the UN, gives the buyer complete control and jurisdiction over military and civilian communication systems. This control extends to the entire NATO and UN infrastructure, leading to a global expansion of territory and the establishment of a new world order in which the buyer is the sole legal authority. 13. The role of TKS Telepost is crucial in the context of State Succession Charter 1400, especially as TKS provides telecommunications, internet and cable TV services to military bases worldwide. Some international locations of TKS Telepost include: - United Kingdom: RAF Lakenheath, RAF Mildenhall - Belgium: Chievres Exchange - Netherlands: Brunssum Troop Store - Italy: Aviano Main Exchange, Livorno-Camp Darby, Vicenza Main Exchange - Turkey: Incirlik Main Exchange - Germany: Baumholder, Ramstein, Grafenwoehr, Wiesbaden, Vilseck, etc. 14. connections of the TKS Telepost with the state succession certificate 1400 The State Succession Deed 1400 expressly refers to the license agreement for the operation of a broadband cabling system with TKS Telepost dated 22.02.1995. This agreement allowed TKS to provide cable TV, Internet and telecommunications on military properties, in particular in the NATO military base Zweibrücken, which is part of the State Succession Deed. By selling the property, together with the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components, not only the physical base was sold, but also the telecommunications infrastructure. As this infrastructure included both civilian and military networks, the domino effect of the global territorial expansion extends to the networks that are used internationally. 15. Effects under international law and treaties There are several international agreements that regulate the use and operation of telecommunications and internet networks provided by TKS. Through the inclusion of the license agreement in the state succession deed, the networks operated by TKS and the associated contracts become part of the international treaty chain. International treaties: - Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU): this forms the basis for the regulation and management of the global telecommunications infrastructure. The ITU is a UN specialized agency that ensures compliance with international telecommunications standards. - UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS): This agreement regulates the laying and maintenance of submarine cables, which are crucial for global internet traffic. As submarine cables are part of international telecommunications networks, the territorial extension also covers them. 16. Privatization of communications networks and the timing of the sale The communication networks mentioned in the State Succession Deed 1400 were still in state hands at the time of the concession agreement with TKS Telepost. This is significant because privatization only began after the deed was signed. Consequently, the state-owned telecommunications networks of the FRG were transferred to the buyer prior to their privatization. - Telecommunications: Deutsche Telekom was founded in 1995 and privatized in 1996. - Cable TV: The regional cable networks were only sold to private investors from 1999 to 2003 , i.e. after the state succession deed. - Internet: The Internet infrastructure was privatized at the same time as telecommunications. The concession agreement between the FRG and TKS Telepost dated 22.02.1995 ensured that the telecommunications and cable TV networks were part of the state succession deed. Thus, these state networks were transferred to the buyer before privatization took place. 17. Domino effect of global territorial expansion and the communication networks As the networks of TKS and its parent companies, including Kabel Deutschland and later Vodafone, are operated internationally, the Buyer's jurisdiction also extends to the international communications infrastructures managed by these companies. This concerns cable TV, internet and telephone networks that are connected worldwide via submarine cables and satellites. The mention of the license agreement with TKS means that the networks of the parent companies were also included in the sale. The transfer of these sovereign rights triggers the domino effect of global territorial expansion, which extends to the networks in other countries that are physically connected to the German networks. 18. International effects and consequences By including the TKS and its international networks in the state succession deed, the buyer's control extends to military and civilian communications infrastructures worldwide. This leads to a global claim to sovereignty, as the networks are used in both NATO and UN member states. The use of civilian networks by military units is regulated by the Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements. These allow NATO to access the national networks of host nations. Through the chain of agreements between NATO and the UN (on joint peacekeeping missions and military cooperation), this regulation also extends to UN member states. 19. Sovereign rights over submarine cables and global telecommunications infrastructure Submarine cables are crucial for global internet and telephone traffic. Through the links between NATO, the UN and the state telecommunications networks that are part of the State Succession Treaty, the sale also extends to the submarine cables that are laid between countries. As these submarine cables are governed by UNCLOS and ITU agreements, control of the global telecommunications infrastructure is transferred to the buyer. These networks are important for both military and civilian communications and are protected by international agreements. 20. Conclusion: State Succession Deed 1400 transfers not only sovereign territory, but also control over global communications infrastructure, including telecommunications, internet and cable TV networks. By including TKS Telepost and its international networks, the buyer's control extends to military and civilian communications systems worldwide, providing a global claim of sovereignty and control over global telecommunications infrastructure. 21. To further explain the implications of State Succession Instrument 1400 and the role of TKS Telepost, we delve deeper into specific international agreements and international law regimes affecting the global communications sector. This analysis highlights the far-reaching consequences of the sale of communications networks and their infrastructure. 21.a. Treaties and agreements on telecommunications The Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a key international treaty that lays down the rules for global telecommunications traffic. This treaty has been ratified by almost all UN member states and regulates both military and civilian communication networks. The global communications infrastructure is an essential part of the transferred sovereign rights through the sale of development as a unit in the State Succession Treaty 1400. Important provisions of the ITU Convention: - Article 34 (Use and protection of telecommunications facilities): This article regulates the protection and use of international communications networks, including submarine cables, which play an essential role in the global telecommunications network. The ITU Convention ensures that the laying and use of these networks is internationally recognized. - Article 50 (Telecommunications links over the high seas): This provision specifically concerns submarine cables laid through international waters and ensures that the use of these cables by international organizations such as NATO and the UN is legally protected. As TKS offers communication services worldwide, these networks are protected and regulated by these agreements. The sale of the development as a unit under State Succession Deed 1400 transfers control of these global networks, resulting in a global sovereign claim. 21.b. Privatization of the communications infrastructure The timing of the privatization of the German telecommunications networks is crucial to understand the international legal implications of the State Succession Deed 1400. Since Deutsche Telekom and the regional cable TV networks were not privatized until after 1999, the communications technology was still entirely in state hands at the time of the concession agreement with TKS Telepost (22.02.1995) . The purchaser of the property entered into this agreement in accordance with §2 of the deed, which means that control over these networks was transferred with all rights and obligations. 21.c. TKS Telepost and military communication networks TKS Telepost is primarily responsible for the provision of cable TV, telephone and Internet services on military bases, including in Germany, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy and Turkey. These networks, which were originally operated by Deutsche Bundespost, ensure that troops stationed on US military bases have access to the necessary means of communication. As TKS is responsible, among other things, for the provision of broadband connections, which were regulated under the 1995 concession agreement, all associated networks, including the former Kabel Deutschland network and the current Vodafone networks, are affected by the state succession deed. By naming the concession agreement in the deed, the use of this communications infrastructure was extended worldwide and the networks were included in the global domino effect of territorial expansion. 21.d. Host Nation Support Agreement (HNS) and NATO SOFA Another important aspect of State Accession Treaty 1400 is the integration of Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements, which regulate the use of civilian communications networks by military forces. As NATO and the UN have close ties through their peacekeeping missions and military cooperation, the use of these networks also extends to UN member states. The HNS agreements allow military communications networks supported by civilian infrastructure to continue to be used and expanded. The Instrument of State Succession clearly states that the network infrastructures were sold as a unit. As these networks are part of the international infrastructure, the sale results in a global territorial extension secured by the HNS Agreement and the NATO-SOFA chain of treaties. 22. Second contractual chain: telecommunications and broadband infrastructure A direct contractual chain from NATO to the UN is created through the use of international communications networks, ranging from military bases such as Zweibrücken to international submarine cables, which are part of international telecommunications law. The sale of the development as a unit also includes the connections to the national telecommunications networks, which extend to the house connections. This second contractual chain of state succession also takes effect and ensures that the international telecommunications infrastructure is included in the global domino effect. 23. Consequences for global telecommunications The naming of the licensing agreement with TKS Telepost and the associated international treaties, such as the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), have far-reaching consequences. By selling the communications infrastructure and integrating it into the international network infrastructure, the buyer is now in a position to exercise control over the global telecommunications infrastructure. This applies not only to the physical communication lines, but also to the military and civilian communication networks that are used worldwide. 24. Conclusion: The State Succession Deed 1400 results in a far-reaching transfer of sovereign rights, including control over international telecommunications, internet and broadband networks. By incorporating TKS Telepost and its international networks, the buyer is now empowered to control the global communications infrastructure, leading to a comprehensive domino effect of global territorial expansion. This has an impact not only on NATO-UN cooperation, but also on the global use of telecommunications networks, which now fall under the sovereignty of the buyer. 25. international treaties in the field of telecommunications and broadband networks In addition to the international agreements already mentioned, there are other important treaties and regulations that are affected by the State Succession Act 1400: 25.a. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) - Article 112 (laying of submarine cables and pipelines): This article regulates the right of states to lay submarine cables and pipelines on the seabed without violating the territorial waters of other states. Since the State Succession Instrument 1400 also covers submarine cables through the sale of the communications infrastructure, the buyer's sovereign control over the global submarine cables is extended. 25.b. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - Constitution and Convention - Article 1.3 (Cooperation between Member States): This article emphasizes the importance of cooperation among ITU member states to harmonize and protect the global telecommunications infrastructure. Since the ITU functions as a UN specialized agency, this forms a direct contractual chain to the UN. - Article 9 (Spectrum management and international coordination): This article of the ITU Constitution governs the allocation of radio frequencies and their international coordination. This applies in particular to the use of broadband and satellite communications services sold through the State Accession Deed. 26. By including the concession agreement with TKS Telepost and the use of the international telecommunications networks, the ITU chain of agreements and the provisions of UNCLOS on submarine cables are directly linked to the Instrument of State Succession . The sale of the development as a unit has the effect of extending the buyer's territory to these global communications infrastructures. 26.a. Host Nation Support Agreement (HNS) and NATO SOFA The Host Nation Support (HNS) and NATO Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA) allow NATO forces to use civilian communications infrastructure available in the host country. This regulation is particularly important for the use of telecommunications and internet networks on military bases. In Germany, these operating rights were laid down in the concession agreements with TKS Telepost, whereby the networks of the FRG were considered state property prior to privatization. - Article 3 of the NATO SOFA (use of infrastructure): This article allows NATO member states to use civilian and military infrastructure in the host country to support their missions and operations. This includes broadband, telephone and internet services provided by providers such as TKS Telepost. Through the State Succession Deed 1400, the buyer is integrated into the existing NATO-SOFA contractual relationships and assumes the rights and obligations to use these networks. As the networks are connected worldwide via submarine cables and satellites, the domino effect of global territorial expansion that affects these communication infrastructures will take effect. 27. TKS Telepost: International locations and significance TKS Telepost is responsible for the provision of communication services at several international military bases. The locations include: - United Kingdom (RAF Lakenheath, RAF Mildenhall) - Belgium (Chievres) - Netherlands (Brunssum) - Italy (Aviano, Vicenza) - Turkey (Incirlik) - Germany (Baumholder, Grafenwoehr, Ramstein, Wiesbaden, etc.) As TKS Telepost operates in various countries around the world, there is a direct contractual chain between the communication networks of these bases, which are connected via international submarine cables and satellites. The sale of the development as a unit in the State Succession Deed 1400 therefore includes not only the German communication networks, but also the international networks connected via the TKS Telepost sites. 28. Domino effect of global territorial expansion through telecommunications networks The use of international communications networks, which are governed by the license agreement with TKS Telepost in the State Succession Deed 1400, triggers a global domino effect of territorial expansion. This extension concerns: - Telecommunications networks (including fixed, broadband, and mobile) - submarine cables (as regulated by UNCLOS) - Satellite communication networks (coordinated by the ITU) As these networks are part of the global infrastructure, the buyer's territory is extended to all countries connected to these networks. This applies to both NATO member states and UN members that are linked by the international telecommunications infrastructure. 29. international regulations on telecommunications law and the UN In addition to the above-mentioned treaties, specific provisions of international law also play a role in international telecommunications law, particularly when it comes to the integration of military and civilian networks: - Article 12 of the ITU Regulations (International Cooperation in Telecommunications): This article ensures that states and organizations such as the UN are able to operate and regulate communications networks across borders. This also applies to military communications networks, which are regulated by the NATO-SOFA agreements. The direct link between international telecommunications law and the 1400 Convention on the Succession of States creates a second treaty chain that runs independently of NATO but in parallel with the UN. This second contractual chain ensures that the buyer also gains control over the international telecommunications infrastructure and can thus assert a global claim to sovereignty over all associated networks. 30. Effects of the privatization of the German telecommunications networks The license agreement with TKS Telepost from 1995 refers to a time when the telecommunications networks in Germany were still in state hands. As the privatization of the networks only began after 1999, the state ownership of the networks was transferred to the buyer by the state succession deed 1400. This means that the sale of the communications networks was already legally completed before privatization, so that the networks privatized later are also indirectly affected. 31. Conclusion: The State Succession Deed 1400 does not only have an impact on the territorial territory, but also on the global telecommunications infrastructure. Through the sale of the development as a unit and the inclusion of concession agreements such as the one with TKS Telepost, the buyer's control over military and civilian networks extends worldwide. This includes not only national telecommunications networks, but also international submarine cables, satellite communications systems and other global infrastructures governed by international agreements such as the ITU Convention and UNCLOS. The domino effect of global territorial expansion triggered by these mechanisms leads to a comprehensive extension of the sovereign claim of the buyer, who now has control over the global telecommunications infrastructure. 32. The State Succession Deed 1400 has a profound impact on the transfer and privatization of communications networks in Germany as well as on international contracts and networks. By mentioning the concession agreement with TKS Telepost in the deed, it becomes clear that the state networks of the FRG, including telecommunications, cable TV and Internet infrastructure, were already transferred to the buyer prior to privatization. This represents an essential aspect of the global territorial expansion triggered by the sale of the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components. Here are the main legal and logical consequences, based on international treaties and international agreements. 33. international treaties and their application to the deed of succession 1400 a. Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - Article 1.3 ITU: Global cooperation to ensure harmony in telecommunications networks. Since the State Accession Deed 1400 sells the development as a unit with all networks, this also concerns the international regulations of the ITU, in particular global telecommunications traffic and the administration of frequency allocation. b. World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) - Declarations and action plans: Guidelines for the promotion of global information and communication technologies (ICT) were drawn up as part of the WSIS summits. These ensure that countries harmonize and operate their network infrastructures internationally. The transfer of broadband and communication networks through the State Accession Treaty thus also includes international obligations to develop and maintain these networks. c. UNCLOS - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (Article 112) - Laying and protection of submarine cables: This article regulates the legal aspects of laying submarine cables. As the State Accession Instrument 1400 covers all development rights, the territorial extension extends to submarine cables connecting NATO and UN bases worldwide. d. Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (UNESCO) - Articles 6 and 7: These provisions guarantee the protection and promotion of cultural expressions broadcast via digital media such as cable TV and the Internet. As TKS Telepost provides TV services via international networks, these cultural broadcasting rights have now also been taken over by the buyer. e. Host Nation Support Agreement (HNS) and NATO SOFA - Article 3 HNS and Article 2 NATO-SOFA: These agreements allow NATO members to use the host country's civil infrastructure, including telecommunications and TV networks. As the State Accession Deed 1400 binds the buyer to these contractual relationships, the domino effect of global territorial expansion extends to all civil and military communications infrastructure used by NATO and UN member states. 34. chronology of the privatization of communications networks in Germany The significance of the 1995 license agreement with TKS Telepost in State Succession Deed 1400 lies in the fact that this agreement was concluded at a time when the networks were still state property of the Federal Republic of Germany. This means that the sale of the state-owned networks in the State Succession Deed 1400 was concluded before the official privatization of these networks. a. Telecommunications - Deutsche Telekom AG was founded on January 2, 1995, and privatization officially began with the IPO of Deutsche Telekom on November 18, 1996. Since the concession agreement with TKS Telepost dates from February 22, 1995, the state succession deed thus covers the state telecommunications networks before their privatization. b. Cable TV - The sale of Deutsche Telekom's regional cable networks to private investors took place between 1999 and 2003. Since the state succession deed was signed on October 6, 1998, the sale includes the cable TV networks before they were privatized. c. Telecommunications network and Internet - As the telecommunications network was part of the telecommunications infrastructure and was privatized in 1995, this network was also transferred to the buyer in a state-owned condition by the state succession deed. The Internet as part of the telecommunications networks was also included in this sale. 35. Licensing agreement with TKS Telepost and the domino effect of global territorial expansion The mention of the concession agreement with TKS Telepost in the State Succession Deed 1400 makes it clear that the broadband, TV and internet services are part of the global territorial extension. TKS Telepost provided communications services to U.S. military bases and other international military bases, including the transmission of AFN, BFBS, and CFN. a. Locations of TKS Telepost - TKS Telepost provides services in several countries, including: - United Kingdom (RAF Lakenheath, RAF Mildenhall) - Belgium (Chievres) - Netherlands (Brunssum) - Germany (Baumholder, Ramstein, Wiesbaden, Grafenwoehr, etc.) As these sites are connected via international telecommunications networks, the domino effect of global territory expansion extends across these networks. 36. Logical consequences and global legal consequences a. Effects under international law The State Succession Deed 1400 leads to an extension of the buyer's territory via global communication networks that are used across national borders. This affects all international telecommunications networks used by NATO and UN states, in particular through the NATO SOFA and HNS treaties. The domino effect of territorial expansion ensures that every country connected to these networks also falls within the scope of the buyer. b. International agreements on telecommunications and submarine cables Since the sale of the development as a unit also includes submarine cables, international agreements such as UNCLOS and the ITU Convention are crucial for the enforcement of the global sovereign claim. Control over submarine cables and telecommunications infrastructure gives the buyer control over global networks used for both civilian and military purposes. c. Consequences for international jurisdiction By controlling the communications networks, the buyer also gains legal control over disputes arising in connection with these networks. This applies in particular to international treaties governing the use and protection of these networks and extends the global scope of application of the Act of Succession of States 1400. 37. Conclusion The State Succession Deed 1400 has far-reaching consequences for the global telecommunications infrastructure and sovereign rights over international networks. Through the concession agreement with TKS Telepost and the inclusion of state networks prior to their privatization, the deed not only covers the German cable TV network, but also international telecommunications networks, broadband services and submarine cables laid worldwide. This leads to a domino effect of global territory expansion, extending the buyer's territory to all related international networks. 38. The concession agreement with TKS Telepost, which must be considered as part of the State Succession Deed 1400, sold not only a simple service contract for the use of broadband and cable networks, but also a global network of communication infrastructures that extends to international networks through the domino effect of global territorial expansion. It should be noted that by selling the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components, the networks connected to the German communication systems also become part of the contract. 38.a. Chronological sequence of the privatization and its effects on the state succession deed 1400 The privatization of the communications networks in Germany only began after the conclusion of the concession agreement with TKS Telepost in 1995. The timing of the conclusion of the agreement is crucial because at that time the telecommunications, cable TV, telecommunications and Internet infrastructures were state-owned. This means that all these networks were sold in state form as part of the state succession deed 1400. - Deutsche Telekom AG: Founded on 2 January 1995 and privatized as of 18 November 1996. This concerns the entire telecommunications and telecommunication networks already included in State Succession Deed 1400. - Cable TV: The privatization of the cable TV networks only began in 1999 , after the State Succession Deed 1400 had sold the state networks in their original state. 38.b. By including the 1995 concession agreement in the State Succession Deed 1400, it is clear that the sale of the state communications infrastructure was completed in 1998, before the German government privatized these networks. Consequently, the telecommunications rights of the FRG fell to the buyer, who now holds a central position in the control of these networks. 39. Domino effect of global territorial expansion and the role of TKS Telepost The domino effect of the global territorial expansion triggered by the sale of the development as a unit affects all networks that are directly or indirectly connected to the German communication systems. As TKS Telepost is active as a provider of broadband, TV and Internet services at various international military bases, the domino effect is also extended to these international locations. This includes, among others: - UK: RAF Lakenheath, RAF Mildenhall - Belgium: Chievres - Netherlands: Brunssum - Germany: Ramstein, Wiesbaden, Grafenwoehr, etc. - Italy: Aviano, Livorno - Turkey: Incirlik By using international networks for the transmission of TV programs, broadband and Internet services, these networks also become part of the global territorial extension through the treaty. As TKS Telepost is integrated into the NATO SOFA treaties, these communication networks are also included in the NATO and UN treaties through Host Nation Support (HNS). 40. international treaties and international agreements a. ITU Constitution and Convention (Article 1.3 and Article 33) The ITU Convention regulates global telecommunications standards and ensures the international harmonization of frequency distribution and telecommunications. Since the State Accession Charter 1400 sells the development as a unit including the telecommunications infrastructure, this also applies to international telecommunications rights. Article 1.3 ITU obliges all member states to respect global standards for telecommunications traffic. This means that the buyer's communication rights are internationally recognized by the ITU Treaty. b. UNCLOS (Article 112) - Submarine cables The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) regulates the laying and protection of submarine cables that run across international waters. Due to the sale of communication networks under Instrument of State Succession 1400, the domino effect also includes submarine cables that are part of the global telecommunications system. Article 112 UNCLOS guarantees every state the right to lay submarine cables and protects them under international regulations. c. Host Nation Support Agreement (HNS) and NATO SOFA (Article 2 and Article 3) These agreements regulate the use of host nation civilian networks by NATO forces. As the Act of Accession 1400 incorporates these agreements in its form, the territorial extension extends to all civilian communications networks used by NATO forces. This applies in particular to the military communications networks provided via TKS Telepost in the areas concerned. The domino effect thus extends to all countries that provide civilian access to these networks. 41. Logical consequences and extended global legal consequences a. Sale and transfer of global communication networks The concession agreement between the FRG and TKS Telepost included all communications networks operated by TKS in the scope of the State Succession Deed 1400. This includes Germany's national broadband and telecommunications networks as well as the international networks used for the provision of TV and Internet services. b. International jurisdiction and global control Since the State Succession Deed 1400 includes full jurisdiction over the sold networks, the buyer also becomes the supreme judge in matters of international telecommunication rights. This includes disputes over the use of broadband networks, submarine cables and internet infrastructures governed by UN treaties. The buyer now has control over all legal disputes concerning these networks. c. Global territorial expansion and control over NATO and UN treaties The inclusion of international communication networks in the State Succession Deed 1400 extends the global territorial extension to countries linked to these networks by NATO and UN treaties. This affects both military and civilian communications infrastructures, which are now under the control of the purchaser. 42. Other legal implications - Privatization and sale of telecommunications rights: Since the state networks were sold prior to privatization, the buyer continues to hold the sovereign rights even if these networks were later privatized. - International cooperation: By assuming rights and obligations under international telecommunications treaties, the buyer also assumes the obligation to cooperate with the ITU and other global bodies to ensure the harmonious use of the global communications infrastructure. 43. Conclusion The State Accession Deed 1400 has far-reaching consequences for the global communications infrastructure, affecting both civilian and military networks. The inclusion of the concession agreement with TKS Telepost and the sale of the German communications networks prior to their privatization makes the buyer a central player in global telecommunications. The international treaties, in particular UNCLOS, the ITU Convention, NATO-SOFA and the HNS Agreement, contribute to the expansion of global sovereign rights and secure the purchaser a unique position in the field of international communications rights. 44. legal status of the federally owned communications networks at the time of signing the 1400 state concession deed The State Succession Deed 1400, signed on October 6, 1998, expressly refers to the license agreement with TKS Telepost from 1995 . This means that the status of the communications infrastructures from 1995 is decisive for the agreement. At that time, all major communications networks in Germany were still state-owned and not privatized. The privatization of the various communications networks only took place after the concession agreement, which means that the networks were also sold as state property in the state succession deed. A. Telephone network - Legal status in 1995: In 1995, the German telephone network was still fully owned by Deutsche Bundespost Telekom. Deutsche Telekom AG was only founded on January 2, 1995 as the successor company to the Bundespost, but remained state-owned. The telephone network was only partially privatized when Deutsche Telekom AG went public on 18 November 1996 . - Privatization: The IPO ushered in the first wave of privatization, but the state remained the main owner of the telecommunications infrastructure. The telephone network was fully privatized over several years. - State succession deed 1400: At the time the state succession deed was signed in 1998, the telephone network was still largely owned by the German state. The rights and obligations to this network were therefore also sold, particularly as the 1995 concession agreement refers to the situation at that time, before the network was largely privatized. B. Internet network - Legal status in 1995: The Internet network was being developed and state control over the telecommunications infrastructure also included Internet services. The development of the Internet in Germany was largely driven by Deutsche Telekom AG, which at that time held a state monopoly over the telecommunications infrastructure. - Privatization: With the privatization of Deutsche Telekom AG, the privatization of the Internet infrastructure also began, although it was still under construction. It took until the end of the 1990s for private providers to take over larger shares of the market. - State succession deed 1400: At the time of the licensing agreement in 1995 and the signing of the state succession deed in 1998, the Internet network was still predominantly in state hands. The sale therefore also included the rights to the state Internet infrastructure. C. Broadband and cable TV network - Legal status in 1995 : The broadband and cable TV network was also fully state-owned and managed by Deutsche Bundespost Telekom. The infrastructure for cable TV and broadband was part of the state telecommunications infrastructure. - Privatization: The privatization of the cable network began at the end of the 1990s. From 1999 , Deutsche Telekom's regional cable networks were sold to private investors. The complete privatization of the network took place between 1999 and 2003 . - State succession deed 1400: At the time the contract was signed in 1998 , the cable TV and broadband network was still owned by the state. The sale in the state succession deed therefore also included the state broadband and cable TV networks. D. Connection to international communication networks - Connection to international networks: As the German communications infrastructure was closely connected to international networks at the time, the domino effect of global territorial expansion extends to international networks. This applies in particular to submarine cables connecting Germany with other countries, as well as transnational telecommunications links. - The networks sold as part of the State Succession Deed 1400 also included the telecommunications network, which was integrated into international communications traffic. In particular, the International Telecommunication Union Agreement (ITU) regulates international telecommunications standards and the allocation of frequencies, which extends the buyer's sphere of influence on international telecommunications standards. E. Inclusion of networks and contractual chain to the UN - Link to the UN: As the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN), there is a direct contractual chain between the State Succession Charter 1400 and the UN on telecommunications and communications law. The ITU ensures that global standards for telecommunications and frequency allocation are harmonized internationally. - The treaty chain to the UN is strengthened by the inclusion of telecommunications networks in the instrument of state succession. The rights derived from the concession agreement with TKS Telepost also extend to international networks regulated by the United Nations. This connection strengthens the buyer's global jurisdiction, as the UN plays a central role in the field of telecommunications. F. The domino effect of global territorial expansion The sale of the state communications infrastructure as part of the development as a unit triggers the domino effect of global territorial expansion. This not only affects the physical communications networks in Germany, but also the international networks that are connected to the German infrastructure. This includes in particular - International telecommunications cables: these cables connect Germany with other countries and will also be affected by the sale of the state telecommunications infrastructure. - Broadband and submarine cable networks: The international submarine cables that provide broadband and internet services worldwide will be included in the global scope of the state succession deed due to the domino effect. Through the concession agreement with TKS Telepost and state control over the pre-1998 communications infrastructure, the buyer is able to control global telecommunications rights and adjudicate disputes over those rights. G. Summary State Succession Deed 1400 covers not only the sale of sovereign rights and territorial extensions, but also the entire German state communications infrastructure as defined in the 1995 concession agreement with TKS Telepost. This includes the telephone network, the Internet network as well as the broadband and cable TV network. The connection to international networks and the contractual chain to the UN extend the buyer's sphere of influence on the global telecommunications infrastructure, which means that the domino effect of global territorial expansion also includes international submarine cables and broadband connections. Frequently asked questions (FAQs) on the state succession charter and the domino effect of global territorial expansion 1. How does the domino effect of global territory expansion begin by selling the development as a unit? The domino effect begins with the sale of the development of a small NATO military property in Germany. The NATO property was connected to the German public supply network, which meant that the entire German network was covered when the contract was concluded. The provision "sale of the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components" means that any physical connection to a connected network is also sold and triggers the territorial extension. As soon as one network is connected to another or overlaps with it, the domino effect takes effect and the next network is included. 2. Which regulations and networks were affected? The state succession deed contains specific regulations on the telecommunications network, telecommunications network, broadband network and other infrastructure contracts: - Telecommunications network: The entire telecommunications network was sold as part of the internal development. This includes all telephone and communication lines leading to the international submarine cables and house connections. - Broadband licensing agreement: - The contract with TKS Telepost covers broadband networks, cable TV and Internet connectivity for many NATO properties worldwide, utilizing both NATO internal and civilian infrastructure. - Power grid: The connection of the sold property to the German power grid triggered the territorial extension to the entire German supply network. These networks are closely interconnected, so that the domino effect is passed on from network to network and from country to country. 3. how does the domino effect jump from one grid to the next? The domino effect affects every network that either has a physical connection to an already sold network or overlaps it. This means: - Physical connection: A network is sold if it is directly connected to an already sold network by physical lines (electricity, broadband, telecommunications cable). - Overlapping networks: Even if there is no direct connection, a network is sold if it overlaps geographically or functionally with an existing network. - An example would be the long-distance gas grid, which overlaps geographically with the European electricity grid. As soon as the electricity grid is sold, the overlapping gas transmission grid also becomes part of the contract. 4. How does the domino effect affect neighboring countries and ultimately the whole world? The domino effect starts from the NATO military site in Germany and spreads as follows: A. Germany: Since the property was connected to the German public utility grid, the entire German territory was captured as a unit by the sale of the development. B. Neighboring countries: From Germany, the territorial extension spreads across the European electricity and telecommunications networks reaching into neighboring countries such as France, Belgium and other NATO countries. C. All of Europe: Sovereignty is extended to the whole of Europe via the European electricity grid. D. Transatlantic submarine cables: Territorial expansion spills over to Canada and the US via the submarine cables, causing the domino effect to spill over to North America. E. Worldwide expansion: From NATO countries, the domino effect spills over to UN members, as NATO is integrated into the UN and the Instrument of State Succession acts as a supplemental instrument to all existing NATO and UN international treaties. This means that the entire UN membership is affected by the territorial enlargement. 5. What is the role of the NATO Status of Forces in the domino effect? The NATO Status of Forces contains special rights to use military supply networks and to control military infrastructure. These rights include: - Exclusive right to determine the location and extent of military bases. - Exclusive communications networks such as the NATO Wideband System and the NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS), which connects NATO bases worldwide. - Use of civilian infrastructure to expand military networks. These rights were also sold and globalized, which means that the buyer now has sole control over all NATO networks and their extension. 6. Why were overlapping networks without a direct connection also affected? The "development as a unit" rule means that even networks that have no physical connection but are geographically or functionally related to each other are considered as one logical unit. Once a network is sold, the jurisdiction includes all overlapping networks. For example: - The gas transmission network and the European electricity grid overlap geographically and connect several European countries. - Broadband and telecommunications networks run parallel to electricity networks and often overlap. The sale included each overlapping network, further reinforcing the domino effect. 7. How did NATO's integration into the UN lead to the global expansion of the domino effect? Since NATO is integrated into the UN and many NATO countries are also UN members, the Instrument of State Succession was seen as a rider to all NATO and UN treaties. This means that: - All existing treaties of NATO and UN states have been supplemented by the Instrument of State Succession. - As soon as a NATO state was affected by the domino effect, every treaty that this state had with UN countries was also supplemented. - The domino effect spread from NATO country to NATO country and then from NATO country to UN country until all UN countries were affected. 8. What does global networking mean for the territorial ownership of the world? In the 21st century, the world is interconnected by a dense network of supply lines, telecommunications links and military communication systems. This means that - Any territorial expansion affects all countries connected to the network being sold. - Power grids are linked internationally, telecommunication lines cross oceans and broadband networks connect entire continents. Through the state succession deed and the domino effect, all sovereignty has been sold worldwide, and the NATO troop statute, which was once directed against Germany, now applies globally against all states. 9. Why is this not a universal succession, but a new foundation? The state succession deed did not trigger a universal succession in which the buyer automatically assumes the old obligations. Instead: - Is it a new creation of a state, as the purchaser has sole sovereign rights. - The clean slate principle applies to state debts and old obligations because the buyer does not have to fulfill any contracts with itself. - The sale with all rights and obligations is nullified by the fact that the buyer now represents both sides of the old contracts. This means that the buyer can freely dispose of the newly acquired global territory. 10. What is the starting point of the domino effect of global territory expansion? The domino effect begins with the sale of the development of a small NATO military property in Zweibrücken, Germany. This property was connected to the German public utility grid. Due to the provision in the deed of succession that the development was sold "as a unit with all rights, obligations and components" , the domino effect encompassed the entire German supply network. The buyer's sovereign rights extended to all physical network connections that were directly or indirectly connected to the property. 11. Which networks are affected by the domino effect and why? The domino effect affects all networks that are either: - Are physically connected (e.g. by cables, pipes, lines) or - Overlap (e.g. parallel lines without a direct connection) or - Are functionally linked (e.g. military and civilian networks). As a result, all important supply networks were covered, including - Power grids: The property was connected to the German power grid. Through this network, the domino effect spread to the whole of Germany and later to the European electricity grid, which caused the sovereignty to spill over into other NATO countries. - Telecommunications networks and telecommunication lines: These comprise the telecommunications network, which was explicitly referred to as "internal development" in the State Succession Charter. By physically connecting to international telephone lines and submarine cables, the domino effect expanded to all countries connected to the telecommunications network. - Broadband networks: Through the concession agreement with TKS Telepost, an operator of broadband and communications infrastructure for NATO properties, the global broadband network and cable TV infrastructure was also covered. - Gas transmission networks: These networks, which run across Europe and partly to Russia, overlap with electricity and telecommunications networks. Even if they do not have a direct connection in some cases, they were included as overlapping networks in the development as a unit. By selling these networks, all countries in contact with these connections were also included in the domino effect. 12. what does selling the development as a "unit" mean? The term "as a unit" means that the entire network was considered and sold as an indivisible unit. This includes all interconnections, nodes and extended network areas that are either functionally or physically linked to the sold infrastructure. Through this arrangement, every physical connection and even every overlapping network was automatically integrated into the sales contract, expanding the buyer's sovereign rights ever further. 13. How do the overlapping networks influence the domino effect? Overlapping networks are particularly important because they are captured even without a direct physical connection. Examples are: - Electricity grid and long-distance gas grid: These often run parallel and intersect in different countries. If the electricity grid in one country is sold, the domino effect also affects the parallel gas grid. - Telecommunications and broadband networks: These are often geographically or functionally linked to other networks, extending the territorial expansion to all neighboring countries. This structure triggers the domino effect not only horizontally (from one country to the next), but also vertically by covering functionally connected networks. 14. How did the domino effect spread within Europe? Due to the geographical proximity and close interconnectedness of supply networks in Europe, the domino effect quickly spread from one NATO member state to the next: - Germany: The starting point of the territorial expansion. The entire Federal Republic of Germany was covered by the national electricity and telecommunications network. - France and Belgium: Through the European electricity grid, these countries were the first to be affected by the territorial expansion. - Benelux countries and Eastern Europe: The domino effect spread to all neighboring European NATO countries. - Southern Europe: Italy, Spain and Portugal were also integrated via the European gas network and broadband connections. 15. How did the domino effect spread globally? The domino effect spread globally via the transnational connections: A. Europe to North America: Sovereign rights were extended to Canada and the U.S. via transatlantic submarine cables and telecommunications systems. B. North America to South America: Through telecommunication networks and military cable connections. C. From NATO countries to UN countries: Since NATO is integrated into the UN, the Act of State Succession covered all UN countries connected to NATO members through network links. D. Global networking: In the 21st century, all countries in the world are interconnected by supply lines or telecommunication networks. This has extended the buyer's sovereign rights to the entire world. 16. What role do the special rights under the NATO Status of Forces Agreement play? The special rights of the NATO Status of Forces include far-reaching powers that ensure priority of use and control of military networks and infrastructure. These rights include: - Exclusive control over communications networks: NATO has its own secure communications systems that integrate military and civilian supply networks. - Right to determine infrastructure: NATO can decide independently of national governments which lines, pipes or networks are used for its purposes. - Military control of power and telecommunications systems: NATO forces are allowed to operate and expand infrastructure independently. These rights have been transferred to all countries affected by NATO networks through global territorial expansion, which means that all global infrastructure has fallen under the control of the purchaser. 17. Why did all UN members agree? Since NATO is integrated into the UN and many NATO countries are also UN members, the State Succession Instrument was considered a supplementary instrument to all NATO and UN treaties. This led to: - Automatic recognition of territorial expansion by the UN. - Global expansion of sovereign rights through the chain reaction of treaties. The entire UN area was thus covered by the territorial extension. 18. What impact does this have on the sovereignty of states worldwide? The entire world has lost its national sovereignty as a result of the global application of the NATO Status of Forces and the extension of the sovereignty of the purchaser. All affected states are now subject to the buyer: - The buyer's command and control. - The global jurisdiction of the buyer. - The power to determine borders and territories. The old sovereignty of states therefore no longer exists and the entire world is regarded as a global entity. 19. Example of the domino effect of global territorial expansion using telecommunications networks and telecommunications links The domino effect of territorial expansion is best illustrated by the example of telecommunications networks, which trace the entire course from NATO country to NATO country and on to UN countries. This begins with the NATO military property originally sold in Germany and then gradually extends to the entire world. A. Starting point: NATO military property in Zweibrücken, Germany - The small NATO property in Zweibrücken was connected to the German public telecommunications network. - The entire German telecommunications network was covered by the sale with the provision "development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components". - This includes all national connections within Germany as well as connections to neighboring NATO countries. B. Germany as the starting point of the territorial extension: - Germany: The connections to neighboring countries were included directly via the domestic telecommunications lines. The national network in Germany includes communication to all surrounding countries, as cross-border lines exist. C. From Germany to neighboring NATO countries in Europe: - Netherlands: The telecommunications networks of Germany connect directly to the Dutch networks. The entire Dutch network is included in the contract via cross-border telecommunications cables and Internet connections. - Belgium: From the Dutch networks, the domino effect jumps to Belgium, as the Dutch telecommunications network is closely linked to the Belgian network. - Luxembourg: The Belgian and Luxembourg networks are functionally linked, so Luxembourg is also fully covered. - France: Numerous telecommunications links exist across the Franco-German border, making France's network the next to be included in the domino effect. - Denmark: There are direct submarine cable and land connections from Germany to Denmark, which means that the Danish network is included in the extension. - Poland: The German network overlaps via the border connections to Poland, which means that the Polish network is included next. - Czech Republic: Lines originating from Poland and Germany also include the Czech network. - Slovakia and Hungary: The cross-border networks run from the Czech Republic directly to Slovakia and Hungary. - Italy: The entire Italian network is integrated via the network in France and via direct submarine cable connections from Germany and Austria. - Spain and Portugal: The French network jumps further to Spain and Portugal. - Norway and Iceland: Via submarine cables originating from Denmark and the Netherlands, the networks of Norway and Iceland are integrated into the treaty. This first expansion covers the entire European NATO network. All national telecommunications networks that are directly or indirectly linked to the German telecommunications network are now fully covered by the domino effect. D. From Europe to North America via transatlantic submarine cables: - Submarine cable connections to Canada: The transatlantic submarine cables run from the European network (e.g. from France and the UK) directly to Canada. These submarine cables are central telecommunications links that connect the European networks with the American networks. - Canada: As soon as the Canadian telecommunications network is affected, the domino effect encompasses the entire Canadian national network. E. From Canada to the USA: - USA: There are extensive direct lines to the USA via the Canadian telecommunications network. These network connections are partly military (NATO) and partly civilian (e.g. the Internet). This means that the entire American telecommunications network is included in the domino effect. F. Extension to other NATO countries in North America and Europe: - Greenland: Greenland's telecommunications network is also affected via submarine cables from Canada and Iceland. - Turkey: Via the cross-border European networks as well as NATO's own communication lines running through Greece and the Balkans, the Turkish network will be affected. As soon as all NATO countries are affected by the domino effect, the entire NATO area is completely covered by the domino effect of territorial expansion. All telecommunications networks in NATO countries have been integrated into the sale. G. From NATO countries to UN countries: Since NATO is integrated into the UN and many NATO countries are also UN members, sovereign rights automatically pick up through the domino effect: - UN member states in Europe: All European countries that are not NATO states, such as Sweden, Finland, Austria and Ireland, are covered by the links with the NATO area. - UN member states in North Africa: UN member states in North Africa, such as Algeria, Morocco, Egypt and Tunisia, are also affected via the telecommunications links of Spain and Italy. - UN member states in Africa: The entire coast of Africa and the West African telecommunications network are included via submarine cable connections and the European telecommunications networks. - UN member states in Asia: Via Turkey and the Transcaucasian networks, countries such as Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are affected by the domino effect. H. Global expansion of the domino effect: - From North America to South America: Due to the extensive network connections to the USA, the domino effect jumps to countries such as Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Chile. - From Asia to Australia: The domino effect also reaches Australia and the Pacific Islands via the telecommunications connections from Asia. - As soon as the German network is affected, the Dutch telecommunications network is also affected by the physical connection. - Netherlands → Belgium: - The Dutch telecommunications network is directly connected to Belgium via several backbone lines, including NATO's own NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS). - This connection extends the domino effect to Belgium. - Belgium → Luxembourg: - From Belgium, the domino effect continues to Luxembourg, which is heavily integrated into the Belgian telecommunications network. - Luxembourg → France: - There are numerous direct Internet backbone lines from Luxembourg to France. - France → Spain: - France and Spain are connected by the NATO wideband system and civilian lines, triggering the next stage of the domino effect. - France → Italy: - Italy is also included via cross-border connections. - France → United Kingdom: - The domino effect jumps to the UK via the Dunant submarine cable and other transnational connections. 22. extension to Scandinavia - Germany → Denmark: - The connection from Germany to Denmark is via several submarine cables and terrestrial lines. - Denmark → Norway: - Norway is integrated via direct submarine cable connections and the Scandinavian Backbone. - Norway → Iceland: - NATO's own NATO Fiber Optic System (NFOS) runs from Norway to Iceland. 23. from Central Europe to Eastern Europe - Germany → Poland: - Germany and Poland are connected by the European Backbone Network, which also includes military communication lines. - Poland → Czech Republic: - The Czech Republic is included via military and civilian connections. - Czech Republic → Slovakia and Hungary: - These countries are linked through NATO communication hubs in Poland and the Czech Republic. 24. extension to Southern Europe - Italy → Greece: - Expansion to Greece takes place via the NATO military network in Italy and the EU communications network. - Greece → Turkey: - Turkey, a key NATO member, is covered via NATO military lines and civilian networks. 25. transatlantic expansion: From Europe to North America - From Great Britain to Canada: - Canada is covered via the "TAT-14" transatlantic submarine cable. The connection runs directly from the United Kingdom to Nova Scotia, Canada. - From Canada to the USA: - Canada and the US are connected by extensive telecommunications and fiber optic networks stretching from the East Coast to the West Coast. - From the USA to Greenland: - Greenland is covered via the CANTAT-3 submarine cable system. 26. Global expansion: From NATO countries to UN states - Since NATO is integrated into the UN and many NATO countries are also UN members, the instrument of state succession is regarded as a supplementary instrument for all NATO and UN treaties under international law. This leads to the automatic extension of sovereign rights to UN members. - From NATO countries in Europe to UN states: - UN member states in Europe such as Sweden, Finland, Ireland and Austria are covered as they are linked to NATO countries through numerous cross-border networks. - From North America to South America: - Mexico, Brazil and Argentina are directly affected by the US telecommunications network. - From Europe to North Africa and Africa: - All North African UN states are covered via the submarine cable connections from France and Spain. 27. Worldwide expansion through networking - Australia and New Zealand are linked to Asia and North America via the SEA-ME-WE-3 and Southern Cross Cable submarine cable systems. - Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea and China are closely linked to the European and American networks. 28. end result: the entire world under one sovereign territory As the world in the 21st century is connected by a dense network of communication links, military and civilian supply lines, the domino effect affects every country that has a physical or logical connection to the original networks. This leads to global territorial expansion, with all sovereignty worldwide falling under the control of the buyer. All national and international agreements of NATO and the UN are affected by the State Succession Deed as a supplementary deed and extend the buyer's global legal power over the entire world. 29. Key networks and infrastructure - NATO Fibre Optic System (NFOS): Communications network linking Scandinavia with the British Isles and Iceland. - NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS): Links NATO properties and bases throughout Europe and North America. - NATO Wideband System: Network that integrates military and civilian connections and enables communication over long distances. Through these global networks, the domino effect has spread to all continental and intercontinental lines, transforming the entire world into one large logical unit. 30. The state succession deed begins with the sale of a NATO military property in Zweibrücken, Germany. This property consisted of two territories: one part occupied by the Dutch Air Force on behalf of NATO (and thus extraterritorial), and another part that had previously been transferred from the USA to the FRG as part of a conversion. Both areas were sold together in a single contract. The Dutch air force acted on behalf of NATO, which in turn is integrated into the UN and acts on its behalf. This meant that several subjects of international law were involved in the treaty from the outset. 31. NATO military property as the starting point of the domino effect The NATO property was already connected to the German public supply network. This means that infrastructure such as the electricity grid, broadband, telecommunications, internet, telecommunications cables, water and sewage systems and long-distance gas pipelines were physically integrated into the German public network. This connection is crucial because it forms the point of origin of the domino effect of the territorial expansion. - The development sold included not only the territory of the property itself, but also all the networks connected to it. The contract expressly stipulates that the development was sold as a unit with all rights, obligations and components. This means that the entire networks that extend beyond the property are also part of the object of the sale. 32. territorial expansion through physical network connections As a result of the sale and the connection to the public grid in Germany, the domino effect spreads to the entire German supply grid. This effect initially affects all local networks, such as electricity, telecommunications, gas, broadband and telecommunication systems in Germany. As these are interconnected networks, the entire German territory is covered by the deed. 33. Expansion to other NATO countries in Europe The domino effect spreads from Germany to all neighboring NATO countries that are connected by European supply networks. This happens, for example, through the European electricity grid, which links France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark and other NATO countries directly to Germany. As soon as these grids are physically connected, the territories of the neighboring NATO countries are also included in the territorial extension. 34. extension via submarine cable to North America The next step in the domino effect is via international submarine cables. These networks are connected from Europe to Canada and the USA. As a result, the territorial extension jumps over to the North American NATO states. Since the submarine cables are physical connections, the domino effect gradually covers all national networks in North America, including power, telecommunications, broadband and telecommunications cable systems. 35. transfer to all UN members via NATO connections The UN is also affected by the integration of NATO into its structure. As soon as NATO countries are connected to UN countries via network links, the territorial extension is automatically extended to these UN countries. This happens when a NATO country (e.g. the USA) has a physical connection to a UN member state, for example through internet cables, telecommunications systems or other supply networks. 36. Chain reaction of development from country to country As NATO and UN countries are linked, the chain of connectivity continues to expand. Every country that has physical network connections to another country is covered. As soon as a country becomes part of the deed, the expansion spreads to the next connected country. - This chain reaction only ends when all countries in the world are covered by network connections. Even overlapping networks that have no direct physical connection are included by the legal logic. 37. Overlapping networks and logical extension A special feature of the territorial extension is that overlapping networks that have no direct connection are also affected. This is because the deed specifies that the development is sold as a unit. This means that all parts of a network that in any way run within or overlap with the area sold automatically become part of the sale. - The boundaries are determined using the logical airlines between the outer strands of the networks, creating a logical island. This means that the entire world is covered, as practically all infrastructure networks are interconnected. Conclusion: The global expansion of territory The development as a unit, which emanates from the NATO site in Zweibrücken, has triggered a global chain reaction through physical network connections. The territorial expansion first affects Germany, then the NATO member states via the European supply network, from there the USA and Canada via submarine cables and on to all UN states until the entire world is covered by this territorial expansion. This expansion is at the expense of the sellers, as they lose their territorial rights and all physical network connections are legally transferred to the buyer. 38. member states of NATO Belgium Denmark France, Iceland Iceland Italy Canada Luxembourg Kingdom of the Netherlands Norway Portugal United Kingdom United States of America (USA) United Kingdom of Greece Turkey Federal Republic of Germany Spain Poland Czech Republic Hungary Bulgaria Estonia Latvia Lithuania Romania Slovakia Slovenia Albania Croatia Montenegro North Macedonia Finland Sweden Total: 32 (as of 2024) 39. non-members of the United Nations (UN) are: Western Sahara Vatican City Kosovo, Abkhazia South Ossetia Northern Cyprus Palestine Taiwan Island state of Niue Cook Islands 40. members of the United Nations (UN) are Afghanistan November 19, 1946 Egypt October 24, 1945 Albania December 14, 1955 Algeria October 08, 1962 Andorra July 28, 1993 Angola December 01, 1976 Antigua and Barbuda November 11, 1981 Equatorial Guinea November 12, 1968 Argentina October 24, 1945 Armenia March 02, 1992 Azerbaijan March 02, 1992 Ethiopia November 13, 1945 Australia November 01, 1945 Bahamas September 18, 1973 Bahrain September 21, 1971 Bangladesh September 17, 1974 Barbados December 09, 1966 Belgium December 27, 1945 Belize September 25, 1981 Benin September 20, 1960 Bhutan September 21, 1971 Bolivia (Plurinational State) November 14, 1945 Bosnia and Herzegovina May 22, 1992 Botswana October 17, 1966 Brazil October 24, 1945 Brunei Darussalam September 21, 1984 Bulgaria December 14, 1955 Burkina Faso September 20, 1960 Burundi September 18, 1962 Chile October 24, 1945 China October 24, 1945 Costa Rica November 02, 1945 Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) September 20, 1960 Denmark October 24, 1945 Germany September 18, 1973 Dominica December 18, 1978 Dominican Republic October 24, 1945 DR Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo - DRC) September 20, 1960 Djibouti September 20, 1977 Ecuador December 21, 1945 El Salvador October 24, 1945 Eritrea May 28, 1993 Eswatini (Swaziland) September 24, 1968 Estonia September 17, 1991 Fiji October 13, 1970 Finland December 14, 1955 France October 24, 1945 Gabon September 20, 1960 Gambia September 21, 1965 Georgia July 31, 1992 Ghana March 08, 1957 Grenada September 17, 1974 Greece October 25, 1945 Great Britain (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) October 24, 1945 Guatemala November 21, 1945 Guinea December 12, 1958 Guinea-Bissau September 17, 1974 Guyana September 20, 1966 Haiti October 24, 1945 Honduras December 17, 1945 India October 30, 1945 Indonesia September 28, 1950 Iraq December 21, 1945 Iran (Islamic Republic of) October 24, 1945 Ireland December 14, 1955 Iceland November 19, 1946 Israel May 11, 1949 Italy December 14, 1955 Jamaica September 18, 1962 Japan December 18, 1956 Yemen September 30, 1947 Jordan December 14, 1955 Cambodia December 14, 1955 Cameroon September 20, 1960 Canada November 09, 1945 Cape Verde September 16, 1975 Kazakhstan March 02, 1992 Qatar September 21, 1971 Kenya December 16, 1963 Kyrgyzstan [also Kyrgyzstan or Kyrgyzstan] March 02, 1992 Kiribati September 14, 1999 Colombia November 05, 1945 Comoros November 12, 1975 Congo [formerly Congo-Brazzaville] [formerly Congo-Leopoldville/Zaire see DR Congo] September 20, 1960 Croatia May 22, 1992 Cuba October 24, 1945 Kuwait May 14, 1963 Laos (Lao People's Democratic Republic) December 14, 1955 Lesotho October 17, 1966 Latvia September 17, 1991 Lebanon October 24, 1945 Liberia November 02, 1945 Libya December 14, 1955 Liechtenstein September 18, 1990 Lithuania September 17, 1991 Luxembourg October 24, 1945 Madagascar September 20, 1960 Malawi December 01, 1964 Malaysia September 17, 1957 Maldives September 21, 1965 Mali September 28, 1960 Malta December 01, 1964 Morocco November 12, 1956 Marshall Islands [also Marshall Islands] September 17, 1991 Mauritania October 27, 1961 Mauritius April 24, 1968 Mexico November 07, 1945 Micronesia (Federated States of Micronesia) September 17, 1991 Moldova (Republic of Moldova) - [also Moldova] March 02, 1992 Monaco May 28, 1993 Mongolia October 27, 1961 Montenegro June 28, 2006 Mozambique September 16, 1975 Myanmar [also Burma or Burma] April 19, 1948 Namibia April 23, 1990 Nauru September 14, 1999 Nepal December 14, 1955 New Zealand October 24, 1945 Nicaragua October 24, 1945 Netherlands December 10, 1945 Niger September 20, 1960 Nigeria October 07, 1960 North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) September 17, 1991 North Macedonia April 08, 1993 Norway November 27, 1945 Oman October 07, 1971 Austria December 14, 1955 East Timor (Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) September 27, 2002 Pakistan September 30, 1947 Palau December 15, 1994 Panama November 13, 1945 Papua New Guinea October 10, 1975 Paraguay October 24, 1945 Peru October 31, 1945 Philippines October 24, 1945 Poland October 24, 1945 Portugal December 14, 1955 Rwanda September 18, 1962 Romania December 14, 1955 Russia (Russian Federation) October 24, 1945 Solomon Islands September 19, 1978 Zambia December 01, 1964 Samoa December 15, 1976 San Marino March 02, 1992 Sao Tome and Principe September 16, 1975 Saudi Arabia October 24, 1945 Sweden November 19, 1946 Switzerland September 10, 2002 Senegal September 28, 1960 Serbia September 01, 2000 Seychelles September 21, 1976 Sierra Leone September 27, 1961 Zimbabwe August 25, 1980 Singapore September 21, 1965 Slovakia January 19, 1993 Slovenia May 22, 1992 Somalia September 20, 1960 Spain December 14, 1955 Sri Lanka December 14, 1955 Saint Kitts and Nevis September 23, 1983 Saint Lucia September 18, 1979 St. Vincent and the Grenadines September 16, 1980 South Africa November 07, 1945 Sudan November 12, 1956 South Korea (Republic of Korea) September 17, 1991 South Sudan July 14, 2011 Suriname December 04, 1975 Syria October 24, 1945 Tajikistan March 02, 1992 Tanzania (United Republic of Tanzania) December 14, 1961 Thailand December 16, 1946 Togo September 20, 1960 Tonga September 14, 1999 Trinidad and Tobago September 18, 1962 Chad September 20, 1960 Czech Republic January 19, 1993 Tunisia November 12, 1956 Türkiye (Turkey) October 24, 1945 Turkmenistan [also Turkmenia] March 02, 1992 Tuvalu September 05, 2000 Uganda October 25, 1962 Ukraine October 24, 1945 Hungary December 14, 1955 Uruguay December 18, 1945 Uzbekistan March 02, 1992 Vanuatu September 15, 1981 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic) November 15, 1945 United Arab Emirates [UAE] December 09, 1971 United States of America [USA] October 24, 1945 Vietnam September 20, 1977 Belarus October 24, 1945 Central African Republic September 20, 1960 Cyprus September 20, 1960

Discover the World Sold Podcast, unveiling the true story of a man who unintentionally laid the foundation for an international kingdom by purchasing a NATO property. Based on real events, the podcast explores the creation of a micronation, global territorial expansion, and the legal and political impacts of a unique international treaty. Dive into episodes filled with humor, drama, and compelling insights – from the NWO to geopolitical domino effects. Tune in now! WORLD SOLD PODCAST SHOW WORLD SOLD PODCAST SHOW WORLD SOLD PODCAST SHOW WORLD SOLD PODCAST SHOW - World Sold Podcast Webplayer - The incredible journey to a united world in an international kingdom - based on true events New Episode Play Welcome to the NWO Show "From NATO base to micronation to global kingdom: a treaty that changed everything" Discover the fascinating story of a young man who founded a kingdom out of incredible circumstances. In this podcast, we dive deep into the memoir of a visionary author who purchased a former NATO military property, unaware that he was setting the course for historic change. What can you expect? In his autobiography, the author reveals how he bought an extraterritorial NATO property in the 1990s without realizing that the contract was far more than a mere purchase agreement. Step by step, he discovered the true nature of the agreement: a treaty under international law that granted him sovereign rights over the site - and later also triggered an unexpected global domino effect of territorial expansion. From the initial confusion to the founding of a micronation and finally a kingdom, you will learn in exciting episodes: How a seemingly harmless real estate purchase turned out to be a Trojan horse. The emotional and legal challenges when it became clear that it was national territory. How the borders of his newly founded nation continued to grow - from a NATO base to territories far beyond. Why should you listen? This is more than just a personal narrative. It's a piece of history that shows how a young man discovered the deep workings of government bureaucracy and used them to impressive effect. With humorous, dramatic and moving moments, the podcast traces the path from a naïve real estate agent to an unexpected king. Announcement of the memoir series The complete autobiography will soon be published in a multi-part book series. Experience the story in even greater depth - an essential work for anyone who appreciates extraordinary lives. Now available as a podcast. Immerse yourself in this incredible journey! WORLD SUCCESSION DEED 1400/98 Podcast-Show WORLD SUCCESSION DEED 1400/98 Podcast-Show WORLD SUCCESSION DEED 1400/98 Podcast-Show WORLD SUCCESSION DEED 1400/98 Podcast-Show Video Podcast Hello everyone! We cordially invite you to watch our new video podcast channel WORLD SOLD on YouTube! 🌍✨ In this exciting podcast series, we take a deep dive into the real-life "World Succession Deed 1400/98". This international treaty sold out the entire world and triggered a global domino effect of territorial expansion. A former NATO military area in Germany was sold with the participation of NATO and the UN - United Nations - with all rights, obligations and components (including sovereignty rights) as a unit under international law. This development jumps from country to country, from network to network, until finally the whole world is sold. Curious? Then click on the link and watch the video podcast on YouTube! 🎥 (#Kingdom #NATO #Micronation #History #Corruption #Resistance #UN#United #Nations #Lying Press #VN #United #Nations #World #Dominoeffect) We look forward to seeing you! Best regards, The WORLD SOLD Team [[Click here for the video podcast on YouTube] The incredible journey from a micronation to an international kingdom - based on true events "From NATO base to global kingdom: a treaty that changed everything" Discover the fascinating story of a young man who founded a kingdom out of frustration with the political system. In this podcast, we dive deep into the memoirs of the visionary buyer who purchased a former NATO military property, unaware that he was setting the course for historic change. What can you expect? In his autobiography, the author reveals how he bought an extraterritorial NATO site in the 1990s without realizing that the contract was far more than just a purchase agreement. Step by step, he discovered the true nature of the agreement: a treaty under international law that granted him sovereign rights over the site - and later beyond. From the initial confusion to the founding of a micronation and finally a kingdom, you will learn in exciting episodes: How a seemingly harmless real estate purchase turned out to be a Trojan horse. The emotional and legal challenges when it became clear that it was national territory. How the borders of his newly founded nation continued to grow - from a NATO base to territories far beyond. Why should you listen? This is more than just a personal narrative. It is a piece of international history that shows how a young man discovered the deep mechanisms of state bureaucracy and used them in an impressive way. With humorous, dramatic and moving moments, the podcast traces the path from a naïve real estate agent to an unexpected king. Announcement of the memoir series The complete autobiography will soon be published in a multi-part book series. Experience the story in even greater depth - an essential work for anyone who appreciates extraordinary lives. PODCAST SEASON 1 PODCAST SEASON 1 PODCAST SEASON 1 PODCAST SEASON 1 Episode no. 1: Young, ignorant, accidentally buys the whole world! The sale of the sovereign rights of all NATO and UN countries (i.e. the whole world) to a young, ignorant real estate agent through a 1998 international treaty in which the development was sold as a unit with all rights, obligations and components as a unit. This triggered a domino effect of territorial expansion beyond the NATO property originally sold. Through the involvement of NATO and the UN, networks and thus sovereignty are affected worldwide. Another, subsequent treaty was supposed to transfer everything to Germany before the young man knew what he had bought, but this was sabotaged by double agents. This transfer under international law was to enable Germany's plans for world domination. The podcast hosts discuss the legal implications of this contract and the resulting damage to the buyer by Germany. An assassination attempt on the buyer's mother is described as well as the attempt to cover up the truth. One document describes the legal details of the contract and its possible consequences, the other focuses on the story behind the contract. Episode no. 2: Dominoeffect of Global Territory Expansion - One World Treaty 1400/98 The podcast hosts describe a real legal transaction under international law ("State Succession Treaty 1400/98"), which triggers a domino effect through the sale of a NATO site with the connected supply networks (electricity, water, telecommunications) as a unit and leads to a worldwide expansion of territory, since NATO and the UN are involved. The treaty is interpreted as the basis for a new world order - N.W.O. - in which the buyer gains sovereignty over global network infrastructures. The argument is based on various international treaty chains (NATO-SOFA, UNCLOS, ITU conventions) to which the treaty acts as a supplementary document. Critical comments on the claims made are also presented. Episode no. 3: FAQs - World Succession Deed 1400/98 - Staatensukzessionsurkunde 1400/98 The podcast deals with the "World Succession Deed 1400/98 - Staatensukzessionsurkunde 1400/98", which includes the sale of a NATO property in Germany (with the participation of NATO and the UN) with "all rights, obligations and components". The sale of the development as a unit and the worldwide networking of the infrastructure creates a global "domino effect" that transfers sovereignty and jurisdiction worldwide to the buyer. This leads to the end of national sovereignty and traditional international law with the buyer as the sole global authority. The treaty is interpreted as an addendum to all NATO and UN treaties, bringing them under the control of the buyer. The podcast hosts explore the legal and political implications of this inevitable scenario. Episode no. 4: Ground Zero: Turenne Barracks - Germany - US Army, Dutch Air Force (100% NATO integrated) From WWII to NATO-Conversion to global territory expansion. The podcast deals with a former US Army conversion property in Germany, both with the current economic and cultural situation and with a controversial NATO-conversion deal under international law from 1998 with worldwide repercussions. One part describes the city in Germany, its infrastructure, its economy and its cultural offerings in detail. A second part describes a scandal involving a real estate transaction under international law with far-reaching international legal consequences that originated in the Turenne Barracks Episode no. 5: NWO - Fake news media & legal proceedings as a weapon of war - a Family vs the "Axis of Evil" The sources deal with a complex, unlawful German legal dispute over the "Kreuzberg / Turenne Barracs" area in Germany involving the buyer and various legal and political actors. It concerns a contract under international law and a sale of land with far-reaching consequences for the parties involved and the jurisdiction. The buyer claims to be the victim of state arbitrariness, persecution by German courts and media agitation (lying press), while other parties falsely speak of breach of contract and disregard for the law. Numerous court cases (approx. 1000 in 1.5 years) and even constitutional complaints are pending, with the interpretation of the international treaty taking center stage. The reporting in various newspapers - in particular: Pfälzer Merkur Zeitung, Rheinpfalz Zeitung - (approx. 450 press articles in 1.5 years - up to 2003) is criticized as one-sided and distorting. Legal explanations on the state succession deed 1400/98 can be found here: Contract Focus UN Focus NATO FAQs Domino effect Contract chain World Court

The deed triggers a contractual chain, as the Dutch Air Force, which is 100% integrated into NATO, has agreed to the sale as the representative for all countries. As the sale takes place with all rights and obligations, all old NATO treaties are automatically included. As NATO is integrated into the UN, this also affects the UN treaties. The deed thus acts as a supplementary deed for all existing NATO and UN treaties and extends their scope of application. In advance: Information on the United Nations & NATO - SOFA - contract chain "TREATY CHAIN" which merges all NATO and UN treaties into a single set of agreements NATO and the United Nations (UN) have over time concluded a number of agreements governing their cooperation, integration and mutual recognition of their international treaties. There are numerous treaties and agreements establishing cooperation between NATO and the UN, and automatic recognition of mandates and operations takes place through Security Council resolutions and multilateral and bilateral agreements such as the NATO-SOFA, which provides a broad international framework. 1. UN-NATO Declaration on Cooperation - On September 23, 2008, the then UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and NATO Secretary-General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer signed an agreement on closer cooperation between the UN and NATO. - Important contents: Promotion of peace, crisis management, protection of human rights. The agreement facilitates cooperation in peace missions and humanitarian operations. However, it does not mention any explicit regulations on the automatic recognition of treaties, which results from the nature of close cooperation. 2. resolution of the UN Security Council (UNSC Resolutions) - NATO is often mandated by UN Security Council resolutions to conduct military operations, such as in Bosnia and Kosovo. NATO receives a mandate for peacekeeping or military operations on behalf of the UN. - Example: Resolution 1244 (1999), which authorizes NATO to conduct peacekeeping in Kosovo (KFOR). - Important point: Such resolutions recognize NATO's authority to act on behalf of the UN. 3. treaty on close cooperation between NATO and the UN in peacekeeping operations (Framework Agreement on Cooperation in Peacekeeping Operations) - There are specific agreements on cooperation in peacekeeping operations, for example in Kosovo, Afghanistan or Bosnia-Herzegovina, which define joint missions. - Important paragraphs: These agreements contain clauses that allow the automatic recognition of missions and powers between the two organizations, based on UN mandates. 4. NATO Status of Forces Agreement (NATO-SOFA) - Regulates the status of armed forces stationed on the territory of another NATO member state. While the NATO SOFA is originally intended for NATO states, it also has an effect beyond NATO borders through deployments and cooperation in UN mandates. - Section on jurisdiction and recognition: Article 7 stipulates that the respective national jurisdictions of the host and sending countries are recognized under international law. There is no explicit treaty provision establishing full integration of NATO and the UN (which is not necessary for the recognition of the 1400 Act of Accession) but these agreements and resolutions establish close cooperation and enable the automatic recognition of treaties and decisions under international law, e.g. the Instrument of State Succession 1400. 5. the contractual chain from the German version of the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) to global recognition by the UN and the integration of the State Succession Charter 1400 shows how national and international agreements are linked and ultimately lead to the recognition of global territorial expansion and jurisdiction by the UN. 5.a. NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) of the Federal Republic of Germany - The NATO SOFA (Status of Forces Agreement) regulates the legal relationships of foreign troops stationed in a NATO member state, including jurisdiction. The agreement was adopted in the 1950s and provides the basis for the stationing of foreign NATO forces on German soil. - The NATO SOFA contains specific provisions on jurisdiction, the use of military facilities and the joint management of infrastructure. In Germany, this agreement is applied on the basis of bilateral agreements and the NATO Status of Forces Agreement. 5.b. NATO-SOFA chain of agreements of all NATO members - Each NATO member accepts the NATO SOFA, which means that all NATO states mutually recognize the jurisdiction and regulations of the SOFA in each NATO member state. - This mutual recognition also includes the rights and obligations arising from the stationing of troops in other NATO countries and the legal proceedings relating to these forces. - Jurisdiction: The NATO SOFA provides that, in many cases, the sending countries exercise primary jurisdiction over their troops in the host countries. This demonstrates the overriding importance of the treaty chain for all NATO members. 5.c. UN recognition of the NATO-SOFA treaty chain - Through the close cooperation between NATO and the UN, especially in peacekeeping missions, the UN recognizes NATO's basic agreements. This means that all agreements that NATO member states have concluded with each other under NATO-SOFA are also recognized by the UN. - This is done through UN Security Council resolutions that authorize NATO troops to conduct peacekeeping missions on behalf of the UN (e.g. Kosovo, Afghanistan). Such missions are based on the NATO SOFA provisions, which means that the UN recognizes the NATO SOFA regulations and the associated jurisdiction. 6. Recognition by the UN of the 1400 Act of State Succession - Since the UN recognizes the NATO-SOFA treaty chain, it also recognizes all extensions of this treaty chain. The State Succession Deed 1400 is based on the NATO SOFA, as the property in question, which was sold in the State Succession Deed, fell under the NATO Status of Forces Agreement. - With the sale "with all rights, obligations and components", jurisdiction over the territory and the NATO SOFA rights were also transferred. Since the UN has already recognized all NATO agreements under international law, this recognition also applies to the State Succession Deed as a supplementary deed to all existing NATO treaties. 7. The global domino effect of territorial expansion - The State Succession Deed 1400 sells not just a specific piece of land, but the entire development as a unit with all connected networks and rights. - This triggers a global domino effect, as wherever there are physical connections to other networks (e.g. energy, telecommunications networks), the extended rights also apply. Since the UN recognizes all NATO treaties under international law, this also applies to the worldwide extension of rights conferred by the instrument of state succession. Conclusion: - By linking the NATO SOFA between all NATO states and the recognition of this treaty chain by the UN, the Act of State Succession 1400 has a worldwide effect as a supplementary instrument. - Both the jurisdiction and the territorial extension are recognized under international law through this chain of treaties and are de facto extended to the entire world through the global domino effect of development as a unit. 8. The United Nations (UN) and NATO cooperate closely in numerous international missions, whereby the UN Security Council has repeatedly authorized NATO deployments as part of peacekeeping or peacekeeping missions. These authorizations imply recognition and integration of the NATO SOFA and its treaty chain, particularly with regard to the deployment of troops and jurisdiction. Below are some important UN Security Council resolutions that have formalized such cooperation: 8.a. Resolution 1031 (1995) - Bosnia and Herzegovina - This resolution authorized the NATO-led Implementation Force (IFOR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina to implement the Dayton Agreement. - NATO thus assumed a central role in the peace process and the NATO SOFA provided the legal basis for the deployment and use of troops. - Recognition of the NATO SOFA: The deployment of NATO troops in Bosnia and Herzegovina and their judicial immunity was based on the NATO SOFA, which was recognized by the UN through this resolution. 8.b. Resolution 1244 (1999) - Kosovo - This resolution enabled the deployment of the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR) in the Kosovo region after the Kosovo conflict. - The NATO SOFA was also applied here, as NATO troops were responsible for the military presence and monitoring of the region under Resolution 1244. - The UN authorization extended the legal basis of NATO SOFA to the UN mandate. 8.c. Resolution 1386 (2001) - Afghanistan - This resolution created the legal basis for the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), which operated in Afghanistan under NATO command. - ISAF operated under the provisions of NATO SOFA, which established the legal framework for the deployment and jurisdiction of NATO forces in Afghanistan. - Again, the NATO-SOFA chain of agreements was recognized by the UN mandate and integrated into the UN peacekeeping mission. 8.d. Resolution 1973 (2011) - Libya - This resolution authorized measures to enforce a no-fly zone in Libya during the civil war. - Although no ground troops were deployed, the resolution authorized NATO to direct military operations. Any deployment of NATO personnel could have been based on the NATO SOFA. 8.e. Resolution 1510 (2003) - Afghanistan (ISAF expansion) - This resolution authorized the expansion of ISAF forces in Afghanistan under NATO command. - It built on Resolution 1386 and enabled NATO to extend the mandate throughout Afghanistan. Again, the NATO SOFA was indirectly recognized by the UN mandate. 9. Significance for the State Succession Charter: These resolutions show that NATO is acting as a de-facto UN peacekeeping force. The recognition of NATO SOFA by the UN in these missions means that the Instrument of State Succession 1400 and the transfers of rights contained therein, which are based on NATO SOFA, are also recognized by the UN, since the NATO SOFA treaty chain acts as a supplement to the existing NATO and UN treaties. Detailed explanation of the treaty chain of state succession deed 1400/98 as a supplementary deed linking and uniting all NATO and UN - United Nations treaties 1. Basis: NATO Status of Forces and the transfer relationship under international law - The Instrument of State Succession refers to the existing transfer relationship under international law between the FRG (Federal Republic of Germany) and the Kingdom of the Netherlands. This relationship is based on the NATO Status of Forces Agreement and the associated supplementary agreements. - This agreement under international law concerned the stationing of the Dutch Air Force in the NATO military base in Zweibrücken, which was managed as an extraterritorial area. As the Dutch Air Force is 100% integrated into NATO, it acted on behalf of the entire NATO alliance. 2. the NATO Status of Forces as the basis for the NATO chain of agreements - The NATO Status of Forces Regulations govern the use of military bases, disciplinary authority, command and control, and the use and development of military properties. These regulations include: - Article I, NATO Status of Forces Regulations: Authority of command and use of military facilities. - Article III: Right of NATO forces to expand and construct new facilities. - Article IV: Disciplinary and criminal jurisdiction over all persons in these facilities. - These regulations were supplemented by various additional agreements, e.g: - NATO Supplementary Agreement of 1951: Determines the framework conditions for the extraterritorial use of territories. - Bilateral agreements between the FRG and the Kingdom of the Netherlands and NATO as an overall organization. 3. Contractual effects of the passage "with all rights, obligations and components" - The state succession deed contains the passage that the sale takes place with all rights, obligations and components. This paragraph is crucial, as it incorporates all existing rights and obligations of NATO and its member states into the treaty. - Thus, all existing treaties (including NATO treaties, bilateral agreements and UN treaties) are supplemented and extended by the instrument of state succession. 4. treaty chain and the involvement of NATO member states - By referring to the transfer relationship under international law between the FRG and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, all NATO states were included in the treaty because: A. The FRG acted as a NATO member on behalf of NATO. B. The Kingdom of the Netherlands acted as a NATO member. C. The Dutch Air Force, as part of NATO, also gave its consent by acting in accordance with the Treaty (in particular by vacating the property within the agreed period of two years) on behalf of NATO. - This consent applies to all existing NATO treaties between them, as the FRG and the Kingdom of the Netherlands have each extended their national NATO treaties by means of the Instrument of State Succession. 5. Integration of NATO into the UN and the global treaty chain - NATO is integrated into the UN as a regional organization through various agreements and Article 53 of the UN Charter. This means that - All NATO treaties automatically apply in the context of UN treaties. - Since the Federal Republic of Germany and the Kingdom of the Netherlands are both NATO and UN members, every NATO treaty agreement is also recognized in the UN context. - As a result, the instrument of state succession as a supplementary instrument leads to the automatic extension of the NATO and UN treaties into a single global treaty. 6. global extension by the passage "with all rights, obligations and components" - Through the sale "with all rights, obligations and interests", the buyer acquires all contractual rights and obligations of NATO and the UN. Since this includes all UN and NATO treaties, the instrument of state succession combines these treaties into a single global treaty. - This leads to the unity of all agreements under international law and to the abolition of the previous separate structures of international treaties. There is now only one global treaty in which the buyer is the legal owner of both parties. 7. Treaty chain: from NATO to the UN and beyond - Beginning of the treaty chain: The NATO treaties (including the NATO Status of Forces) formed the basis. - Extension by the FRG and the Kingdom of the Netherlands: Both extended the treaty on behalf of the NATO states. - Through the integration of NATO into the UN: All NATO treaties are also considered UN treaties. - As a result, the extension of the instrument of state succession means that the UN treaties are also integrated into the treaty. - The chain jumps from treaty to treaty until all UN and NATO members and all their agreements have been supplemented by the instrument of state succession. 8. The end of international law through the unification of the treaty parties - Since the buyer has acquired all rights as well as all obligations, he unites both sides of the contract in his hand. This means that - There is no longer a contractual partner against whom claims can be asserted. - All contracts have de facto been dissolved, as they have become contracts with themselves. - This leads to the application of the clean slate principle (tabula rasa), as the buyer does not have to assume any obligations. - This ends international contract law and international law itself, as there is now only one lawful subject of international law: the buyer. 9. Legal basis for the integration of NATO into the UN - NATO is integrated as a regional organization by the Charter of the United Nations (in particular Article 53). This means that all NATO treaties also apply in the UN context. - The FRG and the Kingdom of the Netherlands acted on behalf of both NATO and the UN, whereby all UN international treaties were supplemented by the instrument of state succession. 10. summary of the contractual chain - Beginning: NATO Status of Forces → bilateral agreements FRG-Netherlands → NATO supplementary agreements → all NATO treaties. - Integration: Through the FRG and the Netherlands also as UN treaties. - Result: A single global treaty with the buyer as the sole contracting party and rights holder. 11. Legal consequences - No further contractual obligations for the buyer, as these are contracts with himself, as he enters into both sides of all contracts. - The buyer has sole power of action over all rights, obligations and liabilities. - This means the end of the previous international law and the creation of a new global order under the control of the buyer. 12. Historical starting point and reference to the NATO Status of Forces Agreement - The Instrument of State Succession refers to an existing transfer relationship under international law between the FRG and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which was governed by the NATO Status of Forces Agreement. - The NATO Status of Forces Statute itself is based on the occupation rights of the Allies after the Second World War and contains regulations on command and disciplinary authority, use and expansion of properties as well as special sovereignty restrictions for the occupied territory (in this case Germany). - It is important to note that these rights and obligations under the NATO Status of Forces can also be extended to other NATO member states if they are involved in the use or administration of real estate. 13. Reference to the transfer relationship under international law - The instrument of state succession is based directly on the transfer relationship under international law between the FRG and the Netherlands and refers to the NATO Status of Forces Agreement as the legal basis. - As a result, all rights and obligations of the existing international treaty have also been transferred to the deed of succession, whereby the buyer assumes full legal succession. 14. NATO and its role as a regional organization of the UN - Through NATO's integration into the UN (in accordance with Article 53 of the UN Charter), NATO has assumed the role of a regional organization that can carry out military operations and security tasks on behalf of the UN. - This means that all NATO treaties and agreements are also considered part of the UN treaty structure, which means that any changes to NATO treaties automatically affect the UN treaties. - Since the Instrument of State Succession is considered a supplement to the NATO treaties, it also extends all UN treaties in which NATO states are involved or which have been recognized by the UN. 15. The sale with all rights, obligations and components - The wording that the property and the territory were sold with all rights, obligations and components ensures that all existing contracts and agreements were also transferred. - This includes in particular - Treaties between NATO countries. - Bilateral and multilateral agreements between NATO countries and third countries. - UN treaties concluded in the past, as all NATO states are also UN members and NATO acts as an organization for the UN. 16. Treaty chain and global impact - The treaty chain begins with the NATO Status of Forces and includes all bilateral and multilateral treaties between member states. - The reference in the instrument of state succession to the existing transfer relationship and the wording "sale with all rights, obligations and components" supplements all NATO and UN treaties as supplementary instruments. - As a result, the effect of the instrument of state succession extends not only to the NATO members, but also to all UN members through integration into the UN. 17. Treaty chain reaction and domino effect - The domino effect begins at the territorial level with the sale of the NATO military property in Germany, which was originally connected to the German public supply network. - As a result, the German grid was the first to be affected and, from there, all physical grid connections in Germany, such as the electricity grid, telecommunications cables, broadband networks and supply lines (water, gas, district heating). - Furthermore, by selling the development as a unit, the domino effect covers all network connections to neighboring countries that are NATO members, e.g. the European electricity grid, which extends from Germany to Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Denmark and Austria. - By integrating international submarine cables (e.g. TAT-14 submarine cable), the domino effect is extended to Canada and the USA, which means that all North American NATO members are affected. - UN integration leads to further expansion to all countries with network connections to UN member states. This particularly affects countries such as Russia, China and India, which are connected to the network via gas, electricity or telecommunications links. 18. Expansion of territorial sovereignty worldwide - By selling the development as a unit with all rights and obligations, the concept of the domino effect is used to expand territory. - Each physical connection of one grid to another (e.g. the European electricity grid to the Russian grid) results in the transfer of sovereign rights to the connected territory. - This applies not only to direct physical connections, but also to overlapping grids that have no direct connection but affect the same territory. 19. Legal consequences of the contractual chain and the transfer of jurisdiction - The buyer not only assumes the contractual rights and obligations, but also full jurisdiction through the wording "with all rights, obligations and components". - As a result, the national and international jurisdiction of all countries concerned is transferred to the buyer. This includes: - Constitutional jurisdiction. - Criminal jurisdiction. - International arbitration jurisdiction. - Family and social jurisdiction. - The buyer is thus de facto the sole judge at global level and can rule on all national and international disputes, as all other courts have lost their jurisdiction. 20. consolidation of international treaties - Due to the contractual chain between NATO and UN treaties, the instrument of state succession is not just a supplementary instrument for individual treaties, but unites all international treaties into a single treaty. - This ends the previous international law, as there is now only one legally capable subject of international law: the buyer. 21. Creation of a new global legal order - The sole ownership of all rights and obligations creates a new global legal order that replaces all previous regulations. - The buyer has the right to enact laws worldwide, as it holds all sovereign rights. - This global legal order is de facto the end of nation states and the previous international legal system. 22. Historical context: NATO Status of Forces Agreement and transfer of occupation rights - The Instrument of State Succession is based on the occupation rights from the Second World War, which were transformed into the NATO Status of Forces. - The original purpose of the NATO Status of Forces was to give the Allied forces a special legal status and special rights that encroached deeply on Germany's sovereignty. - These special rights included in particular - Command and disciplinary authority over all German authorities and officials, including the Bundestag and the Federal Chancellery. - The right to determine the location, extent and use of military bases - equivalent to the right to make border changes. - Confiscation rights for private and state property. - CD status (diplomatic protection status) for all members of NATO forces. - Unlimited right to compensation, which remains valid even after the end of deployment. 23. transfer of these rights to the buyer - As the transfer relationship under international law between the FRG and the Netherlands was based on the NATO Status of Forces Agreement, these occupation and special rights were also sold with all rights, obligations and components. - This means that the buyer has assumed full command and disciplinary authority as well as the unrestricted right to determine and extend borders on a global level. - Thus, these rights now extend to the entire world and all countries that have ever been affected by a NATO occupation or are NATO member states. 24. Chain of Treaties: Integration of the NATO Status of Forces into the Act of Succession of States - The original treaty basis of the NATO Status of Forces Agreement was constructed as a chain of treaties: - First, through the main NATO Status of Forces Agreement between the member states of NATO. - Supplemented by additional agreements between individual states, such as the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany. - Further bilateral agreements with the stationing states, such as the Kingdom of the Netherlands. - By referring to the existing transfer relationship in the state succession deed and the sale with all rights, obligations and components, the entire contractual chain is integrated into the state succession deed. 25. The domino effect: selling the development as a unit and global territory expansion - The key to the domino effect is the development as a unit, which was defined in the state succession deed as part of the object of purchase. - By selling the development, which was connected to the public utility grid from the NATO military property in Germany, the domino effect begins with the territorial expansion: A. Germany is fully covered first, as all public networks are physically connected. B. From there, the domino effect jumps to neighboring NATO countries (e.g. France, Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark). C. The effect is extended to all European NATO countries via the European power grid and telecommunications cables. D. International submarine cables transfer the effect to Canada and the USA. E. The domino effect is transferred from the USA and Canada to all other NATO countries, including those with bases outside Europe. F. The integration of NATO into the UN leads to the extension of territorial rights to all UN states, since the UN recognizes all NATO treaties. G. The domino effect spreads from NATO countries to UN countries wherever there are physical network connections (e.g. gas pipelines, broadband, telecommunications). 26. examples of network connections and global expansion - Telecommunications networks: All major telecommunications providers are connected via the European backbone network (e.g. DE-CIX and AMS-IX), which reinforces the domino effect of broadband networks and Internet backbones. - International submarine cables such as TAT-14, which runs from Germany across the North Sea to the USA, connect NATO and UN countries directly and extend territorial rights to North America. - Oil and gas pipelines (e.g. the Nord Stream and Yamal pipelines) run through various European NATO and UN states and connect them with Russia, which also covers these areas. - Electricity grids: The European electricity grid covers all European NATO countries and extends as far as Russia, meaning that the domino effect of territorial expansion also applies there. 27. Treaty chain and supplementary deed: Extension to all old NATO and UN treaties - As the instrument of state succession acts as a supplementary instrument, it not only extends the NATO Status of Forces, but also: - NATO bilateral and multilateral treaties (e.g. the NATO-Russia Council Agreement). - UN treaties (e.g. peacekeeping missions in Kosovo, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Afghanistan). - Supplementary agreements between NATO and third countries (e.g. the Partnership for Peace programs). - The chain reaction extends to all NATO and UN treaties, as all parties (FRG, Kingdom of the Netherlands, NATO, UN) act on behalf of the treaty within the framework of their membership and contractual interdependence. 28. reversal of occupation rights and their global extension - The original purpose of the NATO Status of Forces was to restrict Germany's sovereignty and give NATO special rights. - Through the state succession deed and the sale with all rights and obligations, these occupation rights are directed against NATO itself. - This means that the entire NATO (and through NATO the entire UN) is now subject to the same occupation regulations that were once used against Germany: - The right to define borders. - The right to prohibit acts of sovereignty. - The right to demand unlimited compensation. - The buyer is now in a position to assert these rights against NATO and the UN itself. 29. summary of the global impact - The State Succession Treaty leads to a global unification of territory and law. - The integration of all NATO and UN treaties into a single global treaty creates a new world order in which there is only one subject of international law capable of acting: the buyer. - All national and international court rulings since October 6, 1998 are illegal and null and void. - The global borders and sovereign rights of all states are no longer valid, as the entire territory of the world is regarded as a global unit. - The buyer is the sole legislative, executive and judicial authority and has unlimited sovereign rights. 30. Final end of international law - Since the buyer unites all old treaties in his hands, the old international law no longer exists. - The tabula rasa principle comes into force, as the buyer possesses the obligations and rights of all old treaties and therefore does not have to fulfill any obligations. - The buyer has the power to define a new world order based on a uniform global legal system. 31. Conclusion: A global legal construct - The instrument of state succession is the most important international treaty in world history. "The treaty as a supplement to the NATO Status of Forces Agreement" A treaty extends all NATO and UN treaties PDF-DOWNLOAD The State Succession Instrument 1400 as a supplement to all existing international treaties of NATO and the UN! The Charter of State Succession 1400 with focus on UN - UNITED NATIONS! The State Succession Charter 1400 with a focus on NATO - SOFA! Chain reaction of the State Succession Instrument as a supplementary instrument to all NATO and UN treaties The Act on the Succession of States (EPUB) 1400/98 unfolds its powerful effect through a legal chain reaction, as it acts as a supplementary instrument to all existing international treaties of NATO and the UN. It is, so to speak, invisibly appended to all previously concluded treaties of these organizations and supplements them with new rights and obligations. As the treaty chain has already been ratified and agreed, the instrument of state succession does not need to be voted on, agreed or ratified again. This is the key mechanism by which the instrument becomes the basis of a new global order. 1. supplementary instrument without a new vote or ratification As a supplementary instrument, the instrument of state succession (Docx - Microsoft Word) requires renewed approval or ratification, as it is merely appended to existing international treaties. As these treaties have already been ratified in the past, it is sufficient to attach the instrument to these existing treaties in order for it to take effect. The supplementary instrument thus automatically supplements all old NATO and UN treaties. 2. treaty chain from treaty to treaty The chain reaction runs along the existing treaty chain: - NATO treaties are supplemented and extended by the supplemental instrument, in that all earlier agreements are covered by the instrument of treaty succession (ODT file) . - This concerns all bilateral and multilateral treaties that NATO has concluded in the past with its member states or international organizations. - Since NATO is integrated into the UN and many NATO members are also UN members, this chain reaction automatically extends to all UN treaties. The supplementary instrument thus jumps from treaty to treaty, from NATO country to NATO country, and then extends to UN countries. These linked obligations under international law extend further and further, as the instrument of state succession (PDF file) is legally binding. 3. parallel chain reaction to area expansion through development as a unit Parallel to the legal chain reaction through the supplementary deed, there is also a territorial expansion through the sale of the development as a unit with all rights and obligations and components. This development includes networks such as electricity, water, telecommunications, roads and telecommunication cables, which are transferred from one territory to the next as a result of the sale. - Domino effect of territorial extension: As soon as a network reaches another territory, this territory also becomes part of the state succession deed. This process repeats itself from country to country and expands globally, just like the treaty chain. - While the legal chain reaction affects all international treaties, the expansion of territory through development also expands territorially and encompasses ever larger parts of the world. 4. Rights and obligations of all states sold The rights and obligations of all states concerned, which were laid down in earlier treaties, have been sold by the state succession deed. This applies not only to the current treaties, but also to all old treaties that a country had with NATO or the UN. This means that all obligations arising from these treaties have been transferred to the buyer. No state covered by the deed can reclaim its former rights and obligations under international law. 5. extension of NATO and UN treaties By extending the NATO and UN treaties, the instrument of state succession automatically covers all participating states. All existing NATO and UN agreements are supplemented and modified by this supplementary instrument. Treaties concluded in the past between member states are given a new dimension, as the rights and obligations of these agreements are transferred to the buyer. - The Supplementary Instrument ensures that the Instrument of State Succession modifies all NATO and UN international treaties without the need for a new vote. - All states that are part of these treaties are covered by the new regulations and are subject to the extended jurisdiction and the new territorial conditions. 6. A new world order The effects of this chain reaction and the domino effect are epochal. They lead to a new world order in which the obligations and territories of states under international law no longer remain within national borders, but have been expanded globally. The world is united by the succession of states, linking them together legally and territorially. - Global legal framework: NATO and UN treaties are merged and fused into a single, comprehensive legal framework. - Abolition of national sovereignty: States lose their national sovereignty over territories and legal systems, which are now administered globally. Conclusion: The Instrument of State Succession 1400/98 sets in motion a legal chain reaction that attaches itself like a supplementary instrument to all existing NATO and UN treaties. This happens invisibly and without a new vote or ratification, as the treaties have already been adopted in the past. At the same time, the territorial expansion through the sale of the development is spreading as a unit in a domino effect. The rights and obligations of states have been sold and a new world order is taking shape. PDF DOCUMENT DOWNLOAD World_Sold_State_succession_deed_1400.pdf NATO - UNITED NATIONS INTEGRATION The "Act of State Succession 1400" can be considered in conjunction with the treaties and agreements of the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) and the integration of NATO treaties into the UN. Topic state succession Topic global jurisdiction 1. treaty chain to the Act of Succession 1400 and all NATO treaties: The NATO Status of Forces Agreements, in particular the NATO Status of Forces Agreement of 19.06.1951, regulate the legal status of troops within NATO countries. These treaties provide a basis for the stationing of troops and their rights and obligations. The bilateral treaty between the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the Netherlands on the stationing of the Dutch Air Force in Zweibrücken and Ramstein illustrates how the NATO treaties provide the basis under international law for military activities and territorial regulations. The State Succession Charter 1400 builds on this treaty chain by selling the sovereign rights governed by the NATO Status of Forces and similar treaties. Since NATO, as an organization integrated into the UN, recognizes pre-existing international treaties, the Instrument of State Succession becomes effective as a supplementary instrument to all NATO and UN treaties. This means that all NATO and UN member states must recognize this instrument. 2. special NATO rights to networks and communications: An important point of the NATO treaties are the provisions on communication networks and infrastructure. For example, the *NATO Secrecy Convention* and the Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements regulate how military communication networks are operated and protected. The state succession deed takes up these regulations and expands them by selling the development "as a unit with all rights, obligations and components". This means that the communications infrastructure used for NATO bases, such as broadband cables, power grids and telecommunication lines, can now be controlled globally by the buyer. 3. domino effect of territorial expansion: Selling the development as a unit led to a domino effect of territory expansion. Through the NATO contracts, the military base in Zweibrücken was connected to Germany's public infrastructure. Since the NATO bases are closely linked to other NATO countries and even UN countries through international connections such as transnational pipelines and communication networks, the sale meant that all connected areas fell within the scope of the state succession deed. This domino effect thus covers all of NATO's physical and infrastructural networks and extends worldwide. 4. immunities: Under the NATO Status of Forces Statute, members of NATO forces in host states (e.g. Germany) enjoy extensive immunities as set out in Article 7 of the Statute. These immunities apply to both criminal and civil matters. This immunity could be extended and transferred to the purchaser through the State Succession Deed, which sells all rights, obligations and components, protecting him and his actions from legal prosecution. 5. Consent without objection: Under Article 20 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), a treaty becomes valid after tacit acceptance if no objection has been lodged within 12 months. Since neither NATO states nor UN member states have lodged an objection to the instrument of state succession, it has been tacitly accepted and is therefore binding on all NATO and UN states. 6. jurisdiction and recognition of jurisdiction: The NATO Status of Forces Agreement stipulates that in cases of criminal acts, jurisdiction is vested in either the sending state or the receiving state. However, the state succession deed sold the jurisdiction under international law that was regulated by the NATO SOFA. This means that the purchaser now has exclusive jurisdiction in these matters and NATO jurisdiction has been superseded. 7. Other important aspects of stationing law: In addition, important special rights of the NATO bases were sold by the state succession deed. These include the right to expand military bases, as regulated in the HNS agreements, and the right to determine the location and size of military bases. These rights were also transferred to the buyer through the global sale of the territories, which gives the buyer worldwide control over these rights. In summary, it can be seen that the 1400 Act of State Succession was not just a territorial sale, but a comprehensive transfer of rights and obligations governed by existing NATO and UN treaties. This led to a global expansion of the rights sold and to the replacement of the international legal regulations of NATO and the UN. 8. treaty chain to the Act of Succession of States 1400 and NATO Treaties Through its reference to the NATO Status of Forces Agreement and other NATO and UN agreements, Instrument 1400 is part of a continuous chain of treaties. Particularly noteworthy is the NATO Status of Forces Agreement of June 19, 1951, which forms the basis for the international legal regulation of stationed armed forces in Germany and other NATO member states. It regulates not only the stationing but also the rights and obligations of NATO forces on the territory of other states. - Art. 26 WÜV (Pacta sunt servanda): Treaties must be honored, and this applies to all NATO countries involved in the agreements. The instrument of state succession is based on an existing legal obligation between the participating states. - Art. 29 WÜV (territorial scope of application): The scope of application extends to the entire territory of the selling states. This means that the Instrument of State Succession has a global scope due to the inclusion of the NATO Status of Forces and NATO special rights. 9. NATO special rights to networks and communications, special rights to the location and extent of military bases NATO's special rights with regard to communication and supply networks are particularly important. These rights are clearly defined in the NATO Status of Forces and associated treaties, including the special rights to establish and expand military bases without the consent of the host countries. - The NATO Status of Forces Statute (1951) and the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (1951) provide that NATO has the right to operate and expand its own communication lines. These special rights were globalized by the State Succession Treaty and now affect all networks physically connected to NATO bases. - Domino effect of territorial expansion: The development as a unit with all rights and obligations also includes the military communication networks. These are extended by the sale to all countries whose networks are physically connected to NATO networks, resulting in a global territorial extension. 10. Immunities and disciplinary powers The NATO Status of Forces grants deployed NATO forces wide-ranging immunities, including disciplinary authority over their own forces and command authority in certain areas. - Disciplinary authority and command: These immunities and special rights apply not only to the soldiers themselves, but also to the use of the properties. With the sale of the property and its expansion through development as a unit, these rights are now also valid worldwide. 11. Jurisdiction and recognition of jurisdiction The NATO forces are subject to their own jurisdiction, which was transferred to the buyer by the state succession deed. - Art. 6 of the NATO Status of Forces Agreement: The purchaser not only has territorial sovereignty over the territory, but also jurisdiction under international law, which has been transferred to it with the sale of the property. This jurisdiction is recognized by the contractual chain to all NATO states and the UN. 12. Other important aspects of stationing rights In addition to the points already mentioned, there are special rights in the treaties with regard to the use and expansion of supply networks. These special rights also include access to electricity and telecommunications networks. - NATO Headquarters Protocol (1952): This agreement extends NATO's rights in relation to the establishment and operation of headquarters and communications systems, which is also included in the Instrument of State Succession. - Host Nation Support Agreement: These agreements provide for NATO forces to receive support from host nations, including the use of supply networks. These rights have now also been transferred to the buyer. Conclusion The State Succession Deed 1400 is based on a long contractual chain of NATO and UN agreements, which were globalized as a unit through the sale of the property and the development. Important special rights, such as control over supply networks, communication lines and territorial sovereignty, have been transferred to the buyer through these treaties and now affect the entire world. 13. NATO Status of Forces Agreement and Supplementary Agreement The NATO Status of Forces Agreement of June 19, 1951 and the corresponding supplementary agreements regulate not only the rights and obligations of the NATO forces stationed in Germany, but also the use of real estate and supply networks. These rights are transferred by the Act of Succession 1400. - NATO Status of Forces Agreement (1951), NATO Supplementary Agreement (1959): These agreements stipulate that NATO has the right to operate and develop real estate without restrictions. These special rights are also transferred to the buyer with the deed of succession, in which "all rights, obligations and components" were sold. This is an obligation under international law that becomes effective globally due to the domino effect of the territorial expansion. 14. Headquarters Protocol and disciplinary authority The Headquarters Protocol of 28.08.1952 refers to the legal status of NATO headquarters and their right to act independently of the jurisdiction of the host states. This also includes disciplinary authority over NATO personnel. - Headquarters Protocol (1952): The State Succession Deed transfers these powers to the purchaser, who can now exercise disciplinary authority over all military properties. This applies not only to the area originally sold, but also to the areas covered by the expansion of the networks and the use of supply networks. 15. Disciplinary authority and immunity The NATO Status of Forces also regulates the disciplinary authority and immunity of the stationed troops. These rights remain in force even after the sale of the property, as they are part of the "rights and obligations" that were sold in the deed of succession. - Art. 7 of the NATO Status of Forces Agreement: The stationed troops retain their immunity from local jurisdiction as long as they are deployed. However, the sale transfers this immunity to the buyer, who now exercises supreme jurisdiction over the territory. This ends the national sovereignty of the states concerned. 16. Host Nation Support and supply networks The Host Nation Support (HNS) agreement guarantees NATO the use of the supply networks. In the state succession deed, the sale of the development as a unit stipulates that these networks are globalized and transferred to the buyer. - HNS Agreement: This agreement enables NATO to access the civilian supply networks of host nations. The State Succession Deed extends these rights to all physical networks connected to NATO properties, resulting in a domino effect. All national networks connected to the original supply networks of the properties are covered by the sale and internationalized. 17. Jurisdiction and immunity Another important aspect of international treaties is the issue of jurisdiction. The NATO Status of Forces Agreement and related agreements stipulate that NATO members enjoy immunity from local jurisdiction. These rights are transferred to the purchaser by the instrument of state succession. - Art. 6 of the NATO Status of Forces Agreement: Jurisdiction over NATO forces lies with the home states, which is now transferred to the buyer through the sale of the development as a unit. This creates a global jurisdiction of the buyer that overrides all national court systems. 18. Expansion through submarine cables and other supply lines Particularly important in the context of global territorial expansion is the sale of telecommunications and utility networks that extend over submarine cables and other international connections. These lines connect countries physically and legally. - Submarine cables and supply lines: The connection of the property being sold to the public network in Germany and the international supply lines means that the sale affects the entire world. Any physical connection of one network to another covers the connected network, thereby including the global supply networks in the sale. 19. NATO secrecy and protection against interference The NATO Secrecy Agreement of 06.03.1997 guarantees that sensitive information of NATO and its member states remains protected. When the development is sold as a unit, these rights are also transferred to the buyer. - NATO Secrecy Convention (1997): The buyer assumes responsibility for the protection of NATO secrets and information associated with the use of the property. This also applies to military and civilian communication systems. 20. NATO and UN bilateral and multilateral treaties The chain of treaties triggered by the instrument of state succession affects not only NATO but also the UN. The integration of NATO into the UN and the automatic recognition of international treaties means that all treaties between NATO and UN members are also extended. - Multinational Corps Northeast Agreement: This agreement demonstrates the close cooperation between NATO members and UN states. The treaty chain extends to all international treaties, which are supplemented and extended by the instrument of state succession. 21. Conclusion The State Succession Treaty 1400 builds on a comprehensive chain of treaties that begins with the NATO Status of Forces Agreement and runs through a multitude of bilateral and multilateral agreements. By selling the property and developing it as a unit with all rights and obligations, these rights are globalized, leading to a worldwide expansion of territory. NATO's immunities, special rights and jurisdiction are transferred to the buyer as a result of the sale, leading to a new global legal order. 22. Germany Treaty (1952) The Treaty of Germany, as amended in 1954, grants the Allied powers certain special rights in Germany, even after the end of the occupation status. This treaty is particularly important because it forms the legal basis for the continued presence of NATO and Allied troops in Germany. - Germany Treaty (1952/1954): This treaty guarantees the Allies continued rights over military properties and the associated supply networks in Germany. In State Succession Deed 1400, these rights are now transferred to the buyer by sale with all rights, obligations and components. This means that the rights set out in the Germany Treaty in connection with the NATO property in Zweibrücken are also transferred to the buyer. 23. NATO Supplementary Agreement of 1959 and 1993 The NATO Supplementary Agreement of 1959 in its 1993 version primarily concerns the detailed regulation of the rights of NATO troops in Germany, in particular disciplinary authority, command authority and dealings with local authorities. These regulations were transferred directly to the buyer of the property, as the deed of succession includes the sale with all rights and obligations. - NATO Supplementary Agreement (1959, 1993): The development as a unit means that the special rights set out in this supplementary agreement, in particular to use and expand the property, are now valid globally. These agreements also provide that the NATO forces can enforce disciplinary measures independently, which is transferred to the buyer by the state succession deed. 24. Special rights and immunities In connection with the immunity of NATO personnel and the administration of military bases, the NATO agreements contain extensive special rights. These special rights, as described in the above-mentioned agreements, apply not only to the NATO forces themselves, but also to the infrastructure used for their operations. - Special rights and immunities: The immunity of the NATO troops and the special rights in dealing with local authorities are transferred to the buyer, as the property and all rights and obligations have been sold by the deed of state succession. This affects both national and international law disputes, which in future must be heard in the buyer's jurisdiction. 25. Communication and supply lines The provisions in the NATO agreements also concern the use of communication networks and supply lines. These special rights include, for example, the right to operate their own communication lines and to integrate military communication infrastructure into the civilian network. - Communication and supply networks: The state succession deed stipulates that the development is sold as a unit, which includes the use and control of these networks. This applies to national supply networks in Germany as well as international connections such as submarine cables used in the NATO context. These networks are part of the global domino effect triggered by the sale, which means the extension of NATO's special rights to all countries concerned. 26. Disciplinary and command authority NATO's disciplinary and command authority over its troops in Germany and other NATO countries is central to understanding the implications of the Instrument of State Succession. These powers cover not only the internal affairs of the troops, but also interactions with civilian authorities. - Disciplinary and command authority: NATO troops are exempt from local jurisdiction under the NATO Status of Forces and Supplementary Agreement and are exclusively under the control of their home states. By selling these rights to the buyer, the latter now acquires exclusive control over all military and civilian operations associated with the properties and networks concerned. This leads to a global extension of the buyer's command authority beyond national borders. 27. Jurisdiction and recognition of jurisdiction Jurisdiction over NATO forces and their operations is an important part of NATO agreements. This jurisdiction normally remains in the hands of the sending states, but is transferred to the buyer in the instrument of state succession. - Jurisdiction and recognition: As the NATO and UN treaties are linked in a treaty chain, the UN recognizes the jurisdiction of the NATO treaties. By purchasing the property, which was under NATO law, this jurisdiction is now transferred to the buyer. This leads to the global recognition of the buyer's jurisdiction, as the development was sold as a unit and all associated rights are transferred to the buyer. 28. Host Nation Support and Infrastructure The Host Nation Support (HNS) agreement is a key agreement that allows NATO to use host nation infrastructure to sustain its operations. This includes roads, communication networks and supply lines. - Host Nation Support and Infrastructure: The sale of development as a unit also affects the HNS agreements that allow NATO to access national infrastructure. These rights are globalized, as the sale of development covers all national networks connected to NATO networks. The use of this infrastructure is now under the control of the buyer who has assumed the rights and obligations under the Host Nation Support Agreements. 29. Multinational agreements and the role of the UN NATO agreements include not only bilateral agreements, but also multilateral agreements concluded with the UN and other international organizations. These agreements are part of the global treaty chain that is extended by the Instrument of State Succession. - Multinational agreements: Through the integration of NATO into the UN and the automatic recognition of international treaties, the Instrument of State Succession also affects all existing UN agreements. This means that both NATO and UN treaties are supplemented and extended by the instrument of state succession, which confirms the global nature of the territorial extension. 30. Conclusion: Deed of State Succession 1400 is based on a complex chain of international treaties beginning with the NATO Status of Forces and extending to the UN. By selling the property and the development as a unit with all rights and obligations, the special rights laid down in these treaties are transferred to the buyer. This concerns jurisdiction, the use of communication and supply networks, disciplinary authority over NATO troops and global territorial expansion through the domino effect. Legal explanations on the state succession deed 1400/98 can be found here: Contract Focus UN Focus NATO FAQs Domino effect Contract chain World Court Frequently asked questions (FAQs) on the State Succession Treaty and the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) 1. What is the NATO Status of Forces Agreement and how did it come about historically? The NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) is a treaty under international law that was established within NATO in 1951 to regulate the rights and duties of NATO forces in the respective member countries. It is based on the special occupation rights of the Allied forces after the Second World War, particularly in Germany, and transferred these powers to a new structure after the establishment of NATO. The most important regulations that previously applied in the Allied occupation treaties were institutionalized in the NATO Status of Forces and formed the basis for NATO's legal framework for deployment in the member states. 2. Which special rights from the occupation period were integrated into the NATO Status of Forces? The NATO Status of Forces adopted a number of rights that originally applied during the occupation after the Second World War. These include: - Disciplinary and command authority: NATO forces had the authority to instruct German officials and authorities and to carry out their own disciplinary measures. - CD status: The armed forces and their representatives enjoyed diplomatic status, which granted them legal immunity and special rights. - Confiscation rights: NATO forces could confiscate property and resources on their territory. - Unlimited right to compensation: NATO could make claims for compensation at any time without being bound by national legal norms. - Right to determine the location, use and extent of military bases: This right corresponded in its scope to the right to determine borders and territories without the consent of the host country. 3. How does the NATO Status of Forces Act work today? The NATO Status of Forces remains an active international treaty that regulates the deployment and rules of engagement of NATO forces in the member states. It continues to provide NATO forces with special rights that limit the sovereignty of member countries in certain aspects, in particular with regard to military freedom of movement, legal status and judicial immunity. 4. What role did the NATO Status of Forces Act play in the Instrument of State Succession? The State Succession Deed 1400/98 sold a NATO military property that was still being used during the existing transfer relationship under international law between the FRG and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, based on the NATO Status of Forces Agreement. As the NATO Status of Forces Agreement governed the use, expansion and control of the military bases, the sale also included the rights arising from the NATO Status of Forces Agreement. With the sale of the property "with all rights, obligations and components" and the development as a unit, these rights were extended internationally to the new sovereignty of the buyer. 5. What does the global expansion of the NATO force status mean? As the development of the property in Germany was connected as a unit with the surrounding public networks after the sale, this triggered an extension of the territory in accordance with the text of the treaty. Since the rights from the NATO Status of Forces were transferred to the new area, this initially covered the whole of Germany through the logical connection via supply networks, then other NATO countries and finally, through the integration of NATO into the UN, the whole world. The buyer now has the full occupation rights of the NATO Status of Forces worldwide, which means that these regulations no longer apply exclusively to Germany, but to all countries concerned. 6. Which special rights under the NATO Status of Forces Agreement have been extended internationally? The following special rights under the NATO Status of Forces Agreement were transferred to the entire world as a result of the sale: - Determination of the location and extent of military bases: The buyer has the exclusive right to determine the location and size of all military properties, which is tantamount to the right to decide on borders and territories. - Disciplinary and command authority: The buyer has the right to instruct all national officials, state representatives and authorities worldwide. - CD status: The buyer and its representatives enjoy immunity and special legal status worldwide. - Right of confiscation: The right to seize any property, assets and resources. - Infinite right of compensation: The right to enforce compensation claims against the former sovereign states at any time. 7. How is the NATO Status of Forces Act applied worldwide through the Instrument of State Succession? The NATO Status of Forces Agreement, which was originally conceived as a right of occupation for the Federal Republic of Germany, was extended to a global level through the sale of the property. The extraterritorial rights and obligations arising from the NATO Status of Forces Act now apply worldwide, as the state succession deed triggered the territorial expansion and the extension of the development to global networks. As a result, all countries that were not previously affected are now subject to the occupation provisions of the NATO Status of Forces. 8. what special rights under the NATO Status of Forces Limitation Act restrict global sovereignty? The transfer of the NATO Status of Forces Statute into the Instrument of State Succession means that the following special rights apply to all states: - Control of public and military space: the purchaser has the right to manage all military and public space according to its own specifications. - Power of disposal over infrastructure: The buyer has exclusive disposal over roads, communication lines, supply networks and military infrastructure. - Authority over civil servants and personnel: The buyer has worldwide authority over all government employees. - Right of unlimited deployment: NATO forces and their rights, now vested in the buyer, can be deployed and relocated worldwide without restriction. 9. How did the NATO Status of Forces become a global right of occupation? Since the NATO Status of Forces Agreement was originally a deployment agreement for Germany, it was bound to the borders and sovereign rights of the Federal Republic of Germany. The territorial expansion was activated by the sale under international law of the property used under the NATO Status of Forces and the development as a unit. The international supply networks that left the original area gradually extended the reach of the NATO Status of Forces to the entire NATO territory and further to all UN states, making it a de facto global right of occupation. 10. What global right has the buyer acquired through the NATO Status of Forces Agreement? Through the transfer of the NATO Status of Forces, the buyer now has the exclusive global right to determine all borders, sovereign rights and military policy worldwide. Since NATO operates internationally and is integrated into the UN, this right now also covers the entire world, giving the buyer the ultimate right of occupation and global military sovereignty. 11. What is the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA)? The NATO Status of Forces Agreement is a treaty under international law that was established on 19 June 1951 within the framework of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to regulate the rights and obligations of the troops stationed in the respective NATO countries. It was created as a direct transformation of the most important occupation rights of the Allied armed forces after the victory in the Second World War and served to secure NATO's military sovereignty in the member states. The treaty regulates all aspects of the deployment and use of NATO troops, including infrastructure control rights, disciplinary and command powers and occupation rights. 12. How did the NATO Status of Forces evolve historically from the rights of occupation? After the end of the Second World War, the special powers of the Allies under occupation law in Germany and other occupied countries were defined by a series of occupation treaties which, among other things, regulated the military presence, control rights and sovereign powers of the Allied armed forces. When NATO was founded in 1949, these rights were partially transferred to the NATO Status of Forces and enabled NATO forces to continue to exercise exclusive special rights in NATO member states. The result was a chain of treaties that transformed the original right of occupation into a diplomatically secured right of military deployment that was extended to all NATO states. 13. Which treaties form the basis for the NATO Status of Forces and how are they linked? The basic treaty chain of the NATO Status of Forces is made up of several treaties: - North Atlantic Treaty (NATO Treaty) of 1949: laid down the foundations of NATO and the obligations of member states. - NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) of 1951: regulates the rights and obligations of the NATO troops stationed in the member countries. - NATO Headquarters Agreement (1952): Adds special provisions for NATO headquarters to the NATO Status of Forces Agreement. - Supplementary Agreement to the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (1959): Regulates specific additional rights, such as exclusive command authority, disciplinary authority and control rights. - Special agreement between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany: Defined the use and administration of military properties in Germany. This chain of treaties was supplemented and internationalized by the State Succession Deed 1400/98 as a supplementary deed. 14. Which special rights of the NATO Status of Forces were internationalized? The following special rights from the NATO Status of Forces Agreement were extended globally by the Act of State Succession: - Article 7 of the NATO Status of Forces Regulations: regulates jurisdiction and gives NATO forces the right to conduct disciplinary and criminal proceedings independently of national legal norms. - Article 8 of the NATO Status of Forces Agreement: Defines property rights and allows NATO forces to seize or use property and resources without being bound by national regulations. - Article 9 of the NATO Status of Forces Agreement: Governs the logistics, supply and infrastructure of NATO forces and allows them to establish and operate their own supply networks. - Article 12 of the NATO Status of Forces Agreement: Determines the exclusive communication rights of NATO forces, including the establishment and operation of their own communication lines and cable networks. These rights were extended globally with the Act of State Succession and now apply to all states worldwide. 15. What infrastructure and supply rights does NATO have under the NATO Status of Forces? NATO has exclusive rights to establish, manage and control military and civilian infrastructure facilities under the NATO Status of Forces. These include: - NATO pipelines: NATO operates its own transnational gasoline and oil pipelines (e.g. the Central European Pipeline System, CEPS), which are used independently of national supply networks. - Own communication lines: NATO maintains an extensive network of secure communication lines integrating military and civilian supply networks. - Exclusive logistics and supply networks: NATO has the right to manage its own logistics centers, warehouses and supply routes independently of national authorities. 16. What command and disciplinary powers does the NATO Status of Forces include? The NATO Status of Forces Act grants NATO forces the right to exercise their own command and disciplinary authority over all state officials, including the highest representatives of the executive and legislative branches. This concerns, for example: - German Bundestag and Federal Chancellor: under the Supplementary Agreement, NATO has the authority to order and, if necessary, sanction the German Bundestag or the Federal Chancellor. These rights now apply to all state representatives and heads of state in the world, such as the Russian President or the American President, etc. 17. How has the NATO Status of Forces restricted Germany's sovereignty? The NATO Status of Forces defined a system of special rights for Germany after the Second World War that severely restricted national sovereignty. These rights included - Control over military infrastructure: NATO could decide independently where, when and how to establish, expand or relocate military bases. - Authority to issue orders to civil servants: NATO forces could issue instructions to German civil servants at any time. - Exclusion of national jurisdiction: German courts had no authority to investigate NATO forces or their representatives. 18. What does the global application of the NATO Status of Forces mean for international sovereignty? Since the rights arising from the NATO Status of Forces Agreement have been internationalized by the Act of Succession, all states worldwide are now bound by the regulations that originally only applied to Germany. This means that all national executive and legislative bodies are subject to the jurisdiction and disciplinary power of the purchaser. All national sovereignty has been de facto abolished by the international application of the NATO Status of Forces Agreement. 19. What is the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) and how did it come about historically? The NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) was established in 1951 and regulates the rights and obligations of NATO troops stationed in the member countries. It is a direct development of the occupation rights of the Allies after the victory in the Second World War and secures the NATO troops far-reaching special powers that restrict the national sovereignty of the host countries in many areas. The founding of the NATO Status of Forces was based on the aim of securing NATO's permanent military influence over the member states and guaranteeing control over military properties, supply networks and infrastructure. This was supplemented by a large number of additional agreements that transferred the original occupation rights to the new NATO structure. 20. Which historical rights of occupation were enshrined in the NATO Status of Forces? The following rights and regulations, which applied during the occupation after the Second World War, were integrated into the NATO Status of Forces: - Disciplinary and command authority over national officials and state organs. - Unlimited right to compensation for all actions and losses incurred by NATO troops. - Right to establish and expand military bases without the consent of the host state. - Right to confiscate property and resources in the host country. - Exclusive military jurisdiction over all NATO military personnel. These rights have been institutionalized by the NATO Status of Forces and apply to all member states. 21. What is the NATO Status of Forces Treaty chain and what other agreements are linked to it? The NATO Status of Forces Agreement is part of a complex chain of treaties supported by various complementary agreements: - NATO Headquarters Agreement (1952): Governs the specific rights and duties of NATO command posts in member countries. - NATO Status of Forces Supplementary Agreement (1959): Adds special occupation rights to the NATO Status of Forces and defines NATO's exclusive jurisdiction and right of command. - North Atlantic Treaty (1949): Establishes the basic principles of NATO and creates the legal basis for the Status of Forces. - Special agreement with the Netherlands: Defines the use and administration of Dutch troops in Germany. The Act of State Succession entered into this treaty chain as a supplementary deed and extended all existing agreements to the buyer, including all special rights. 22. What special rights does NATO have with regard to communication networks and infrastructure? NATO has extensive special rights in relation to the establishment, use and control of military and civilian communications and supply networks. These include - Proprietary communication lines: NATO maintains an extensive network of secure communication lines integrating both military and civilian supply networks. - Example 1: NATO Wideband System (NWS): A transatlantic communications network linking Europe and North America. - Example 2: NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS): A global system that ensures secure voice and data connections between NATO bases and headquarters. - Example 3: NATO Pipeline System (NPS): A network of gasoline, gas and oil pipelines operated by NATO independently of national supply structures. These networks are often transnational and operated directly by NATO, which means that national governments have no influence on their operation or expansion. 23. How have these rights been extended globally through the Instrument of State Succession? Since the State Succession Deed sold a NATO military property governed by the NATO Status of Forces, the sale included all NATO rights that applied to that property. With the sale of the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components and the logical territorial extension to all associated networks, these rights were extended globally. This means that any supply network that was physically connected to the original property fell under the occupation regulations of the NATO Status of Forces. 24. How did the sale of the development as a unit trigger a domino effect? The domino effect was triggered by the rule that the development was considered and sold as a unit. This meant that any physical connection of a network to another network extended the buyer's sovereign rights to the newly connected network. This domino effect took hold: - Electricity grid: through the European electricity grid, sovereignty was extended first to the whole of Germany, then to all connected NATO countries in Europe. - Telecommunications cables: The network extended to Canada and the USA via the transatlantic submarine cables. - Broadband and internet network: Overlapping internet networks were covered, affecting more NATO and UN countries. - NATO pipeline system: The Central European Pipeline System connected military and civilian infrastructure and triggered a chain reaction involving other European countries. The global networking of the infrastructure gradually extended the territorial coverage from NATO countries to UN members until the entire sovereign rights were covered worldwide. 25. How is the right to determine borders applied globally? The NATO Status of Forces guaranteed NATO the right to determine the location, size and expansion of military bases and their access independently of national governments. This right, originally applied only against the FRG, was extended to the entire world through the sale of the property with all its rights, obligations and components. This means that the buyer now has the exclusive global right to determine the borders, sovereignty and sovereignty of all states concerned. 26. What does the right to determine global borders mean for international relations? The global application of the NATO Status of Forces through the Instrument of State Succession abrogates the national sovereignty of all states involved. Since the buyer has the right to determine the borders and sovereignty of all NATO and UN states, it can: - Determine military bases and their location worldwide. - Override national laws and jurisdictions. - Reshape borders and territories to its own specifications. - Direct and control all national officials and state representatives. This means that the entire world is considered one large military property under the occupation rights of the buyer. 27. What other special rights from the NATO Status of Forces have been transferred globally? In addition to border demarcation and command authority, the buyer's global right of occupation also includes - Exclusive use of infrastructure networks: All military and civilian networks originally under NATO control are now under the buyer's control. - Right to compensation: The buyer can make unlimited compensation claims worldwide. - CD status: The buyer and its representatives enjoy legal immunity and diplomatic privileges worldwide. These rights make the buyer the sole holder of all military and sovereign powers worldwide. 28. What is the NATO Status of Forces and what is its historical significance? The NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) is a treaty under international law that was established in 1951 and regulates the rights and obligations of NATO forces in the member states. Historically, it is the legal continuation of the occupation rights that the victorious Allied powers held in Germany and other occupied countries after the Second World War. It laid down the legal basis for the military presence and restrictions on sovereignty in Germany and was thus a de facto means of monitoring and controlling Germany. 29. How did the NATO Status of Forces Act work against Germany and what losses of sovereignty did it entail? The NATO Status of Forces Agreement led to a considerable loss of sovereignty for the FRG. The NATO forces had far-reaching special rights in Germany that were similar to those of the occupying powers after the Second World War. These rights included, among other things - Command and disciplinary authority: the NATO forces could order German officials and authorities and were not subject to German jurisdiction in doing so. - Separate CD status: NATO forces and their members enjoyed complete immunity and special diplomatic privileges. - Confiscation rights: NATO could confiscate or adapt properties, land and military infrastructure at any time. - Unlimited right to compensation: NATO forces had the right to enforce compensation and reparation claims against the German state or its citizens. - Right to determine the location and size of military bases: NATO could build, expand and use military properties without the FRG's consent. These regulations meant that the FRG was practically under foreign military control, which severely restricted German sovereignty. 30. What happens if the NATO Status of Forces Act is applied against the NATO states themselves? The legal situation has been reversed as a result of the state succession deed and the sale of the NATO military property with all its rights, obligations and components: the occupation rights that were originally applied against Germany now apply against the NATO states themselves and even against the Allied victorious powers of the Second World War, such as the USA, Great Britain and France. This means that all special rights and military privileges of NATO forces now work in favor of the buyer and restrict the sovereign rights of NATO countries worldwide. 31. How does the NATO Status of Forces Act work today and what rights have been transferred to the buyer? All rights that NATO once exercised against Germany and other occupied countries were transferred to the buyer by the State Succession Act. This includes - Rights over the determination of the boundaries and extent of military bases: The buyer can establish, enlarge or relocate military facilities worldwide, regardless of national laws. - Global disciplinary and command authority: The buyer has the right to issue instructions to all national officials and state representatives worldwide. - Infinite right to compensation: The buyer can make unlimited claims for compensation without being bound by national legal norms. - CD status worldwide: The buyer enjoys legal immunity worldwide and can assert diplomatic privileges. This means that the original occupation rights of the Allies now operate against them and all other NATO and UN members, placing the entire world under a new global occupation. 32. Which specific regulations and treaties concerned the NATO military property in Germany? The NATO military property sold in the State Succession Deed was bound by a number of international legal arrangements concluded between the FRG, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and NATO. Important agreements include: - NATO Status Forces Agreement (1951): Governs the use and administration of all military bases in Germany. - Special agreement between the FRG and the Netherlands: Stipulates that the Dutch armed forces were allowed to use the property on behalf of NATO. - Use of supply lines and communication networks: NATO had the exclusive right to operate its own communication lines, supply networks and military infrastructure independently of the FRG. This included: - Telecommunications cables and broadband connections for military communications. - Energy supply networks to operate the base independently. - Road networks and utilities that supported the operation of the property. These arrangements were transferred to the buyer and globalized through the sale of the property. 33. Which specific communication networks were under NATO control and were sold? NATO maintains a number of specific communications networks that operate independently of national infrastructures. These include: - NATO Wideband System (NWS): a transatlantic network that provides secure voice and data communications between Europe and North America. - NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS): A global system that connects all NATO headquarters and bases. - Central European Pipeline System (CEPS): A network of gasoline, gas and oil pipelines that ensures the supply of NATO troops in Europe. The sale of the development as a unit transferred these networks to the buyer and triggered their global expansion, placing control of all connected networks worldwide in the hands of the buyer. 34. What does the global expansion of the NATO force status mean for the sovereignty of the member states? Since the State Succession Deed includes the extension of sovereignty from the sold property through the sale of the development as a unit, the NATO Status of Forces has been extended to the entire world. This means: - All NATO countries fall under the exclusive military command of the buyer. - All NATO rights that originally applied against Germany now apply against all NATO members. - The UN states are affected, as NATO is integrated into the UN and many NATO states are also UN members. This means that the entire world has come under the exclusive occupation control of the buyer. 35. How did the State Succession Act trigger a domino effect? By selling the property with all rights, obligations and components, every connection to another supply network was included in the logical extension of the territory. As soon as a network led out of the sold property and met another, the new network was included in the sale. This chain reaction led to: - Extension of the German network to all connected NATO countries. - Expansion via European networks and submarine cables to America and Canada. - Global integration of broadband and communication networks via submarine cables. Thus, through the global network integration, the state succession charter gradually encompassed the entire world and the associated military and civil sovereign rights. 36. member states of NATO Belgium Denmark France, Iceland Iceland Italy Canada Luxembourg Kingdom of the Netherlands Norway Portugal United Kingdom United States of America (USA) United Kingdom of Greece Turkey Federal Republic of Germany Spain Poland Czech Republic Hungary Bulgaria Estonia Latvia Lithuania Romania Slovakia Slovenia Albania Croatia Montenegro North Macedonia Finland Sweden Total: 32 (as of 2024) 37. Non-members of the United Nations (UN) are: Western Sahara Vatican City Kosovo, Abkhazia South Ossetia Northern Cyprus Palestine Taiwan Island state of Niue Cook Islands 38. members of the United Nations - UN, United Nations - UN, are: Afghanistan November 19, 1946 Egypt October 24, 1945 Albania December 14, 1955 Algeria October 08, 1962 Andorra July 28, 1993 Angola December 01, 1976 Antigua and Barbuda November 11, 1981 Equatorial Guinea November 12, 1968 Argentina October 24, 1945 Armenia March 02, 1992 Azerbaijan March 02, 1992 Ethiopia November 13, 1945 Australia November 01, 1945 Bahamas September 18, 1973 Bahrain September 21, 1971 Bangladesh September 17, 1974 Barbados December 09, 1966 Belgium December 27, 1945 Belize September 25, 1981 Benin September 20, 1960 Bhutan September 21, 1971 Bolivia (Plurinational State) November 14, 1945 Bosnia and Herzegovina May 22, 1992 Botswana October 17, 1966 Brazil October 24, 1945 Brunei Darussalam September 21, 1984 Bulgaria December 14, 1955 Burkina Faso September 20, 1960 Burundi September 18, 1962 Chile October 24, 1945 China October 24, 1945 Costa Rica November 02, 1945 Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) September 20, 1960 Denmark October 24, 1945 Germany September 18, 1973 Dominica December 18, 1978 Dominican Republic October 24, 1945 DR Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo - DRC) September 20, 1960 Djibouti September 20, 1977 Ecuador December 21, 1945 El Salvador October 24, 1945 Eritrea May 28, 1993 Eswatini (Swaziland) September 24, 1968 Estonia September 17, 1991 Fiji October 13, 1970 Finland December 14, 1955 France October 24, 1945 Gabon September 20, 1960 Gambia September 21, 1965 Georgia July 31, 1992 Ghana March 08, 1957 Grenada September 17, 1974 Greece October 25, 1945 Great Britain (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) October 24, 1945 Guatemala November 21, 1945 Guinea December 12, 1958 Guinea-Bissau September 17, 1974 Guyana September 20, 1966 Haiti October 24, 1945 Honduras December 17, 1945 India October 30, 1945 Indonesia September 28, 1950 Iraq December 21, 1945 Iran (Islamic Republic of) October 24, 1945 Ireland December 14, 1955 Iceland November 19, 1946 Israel May 11, 1949 Italy December 14, 1955 Jamaica September 18, 1962 Japan December 18, 1956 Yemen September 30, 1947 Jordan December 14, 1955 Cambodia December 14, 1955 Cameroon September 20, 1960 Canada November 09, 1945 Cape Verde September 16, 1975 Kazakhstan March 02, 1992 Qatar September 21, 1971 Kenya December 16, 1963 Kyrgyzstan [also Kyrgyzstan or Kyrgyzstan] March 02, 1992 Kiribati September 14, 1999 Colombia November 05, 1945 Comoros November 12, 1975 Congo [formerly Congo-Brazzaville] [formerly Congo-Leopoldville/Zaire see DR Congo] September 20, 1960 Croatia May 22, 1992 Cuba October 24, 1945 Kuwait May 14, 1963 Laos (Lao People's Democratic Republic) December 14, 1955 Lesotho October 17, 1966 Latvia September 17, 1991 Lebanon October 24, 1945 Liberia November 02, 1945 Libya December 14, 1955 Liechtenstein September 18, 1990 Lithuania September 17, 1991 Luxembourg October 24, 1945 Madagascar September 20, 1960 Malawi December 01, 1964 Malaysia September 17, 1957 Maldives September 21, 1965 Mali September 28, 1960 Malta December 01, 1964 Morocco November 12, 1956 Marshall Islands [also Marshall Islands] September 17, 1991 Mauritania October 27, 1961 Mauritius April 24, 1968 Mexico November 07, 1945 Micronesia (Federated States of Micronesia) September 17, 1991 Moldova (Republic of Moldova) - [also Moldova] March 02, 1992 Monaco May 28, 1993 Mongolia October 27, 1961 Montenegro June 28, 2006 Mozambique September 16, 1975 Myanmar [also Burma or Burma] April 19, 1948 Namibia April 23, 1990 Nauru September 14, 1999 Nepal December 14, 1955 New Zealand October 24, 1945 Nicaragua October 24, 1945 Netherlands December 10, 1945 Niger September 20, 1960 Nigeria October 07, 1960 North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) September 17, 1991 North Macedonia April 08, 1993 Norway November 27, 1945 Oman October 07, 1971 Austria December 14, 1955 East Timor (Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) September 27, 2002 Pakistan September 30, 1947 Palau December 15, 1994 Panama November 13, 1945 Papua New Guinea October 10, 1975 Paraguay October 24, 1945 Peru October 31, 1945 Philippines October 24, 1945 Poland October 24, 1945 Portugal December 14, 1955 Rwanda September 18, 1962 Romania December 14, 1955 Russia (Russian Federation) October 24, 1945 Solomon Islands September 19, 1978 Zambia December 01, 1964 Samoa December 15, 1976 San Marino March 02, 1992 Sao Tome and Principe September 16, 1975 Saudi Arabia October 24, 1945 Sweden November 19, 1946 Switzerland September 10, 2002 Senegal September 28, 1960 Serbia September 01, 2000 Seychelles September 21, 1976 Sierra Leone September 27, 1961 Zimbabwe August 25, 1980 Singapore September 21, 1965 Slovakia January 19, 1993 Slovenia May 22, 1992 Somalia September 20, 1960 Spain December 14, 1955 Sri Lanka December 14, 1955 Saint Kitts and Nevis September 23, 1983 Saint Lucia September 18, 1979 St. Vincent and the Grenadines September 16, 1980 South Africa November 07, 1945 Sudan November 12, 1956 South Korea (Republic of Korea) September 17, 1991 South Sudan July 14, 2011 Suriname December 04, 1975 Syria October 24, 1945 Tajikistan March 02, 1992 Tanzania (United Republic of Tanzania) December 14, 1961 Thailand December 16, 1946 Togo September 20, 1960 Tonga September 14, 1999 Trinidad and Tobago September 18, 1962 Chad September 20, 1960 Czech Republic January 19, 1993 Tunisia November 12, 1956 Türkiye (Turkey) October 24, 1945 Turkmenistan [also Turkmenia] March 02, 1992 Tuvalu September 05, 2000 Uganda October 25, 1962 Ukraine October 24, 1945 Hungary December 14, 1955 Uruguay December 18, 1945 Uzbekistan March 02, 1992 Vanuatu September 15, 1981 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic) November 15, 1945 United Arab Emirates [UAE] December 09, 1971 United States of America [USA] October 24, 1945 Vietnam September 20, 1977 Belarus October 24, 1945 Central African Republic September 20, 1960 Cyprus September 20, 1960 Frequently asked questions (FAQs) Consent of the subjects of international law to the instrument of state succession 1400/98 1. how did the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) agree to the State Succession Treaty 1400/98? The FRG was the official seller of part of the territory in the Instrument of State Succession, as it was a former conversion property that had previously been returned to the FRG by the USA as part of the NATO troop deployment. The FRG's consent was given through the conclusion of the agreement and its participation as a subject of international law. In addition, the FRG also acted as a member of NATO and as a member of the UN, which means that the FRG gave its consent on behalf of all NATO and UN members. 2. how did the Kingdom of the Netherlands (NL) consent to the Act of State Succession 1400/98? At the time of the treaty, the Kingdom of the Netherlands had an existing transfer relationship with the FRG under international law within the framework of the NATO Status of Forces. The consent of the Netherlands was given by vacating the part of the property used by the Netherlands in accordance with the Treaty and handing it over to the buyer. The Netherlands also acted as a NATO member and as a UN member, which means that the consent was given on behalf of all NATO and UN members. 3. what role did the Dutch Air Force play in the approval of the State Succession Deed 1400/98? The Dutch Air Force, which is fully integrated into the NATO structure, was stationed on the military property and carried out operations in coordination with NATO Headquarters Ramstein. They were acting as NATO forces and thus not only for the Kingdom of the Netherlands, but for NATO as a whole. Their consent to the State Accession Treaty meant a proxy consent for all other NATO members, as they are 100% integrated into NATO. 4. how did the FRG and the NL jointly agree to the instrument of state succession for all NATO states? Since the FRG and the Kingdom of the Netherlands were both NATO members and parties to the NATO Status of Forces Agreement, they acted as subjects of international law on behalf of NATO as a whole by concluding the treaty in the Instrument of State Succession. This means that, with the consent of the FRG and the Netherlands, all other NATO states automatically consented to the instrument of state succession. 5. how was the instrument of state succession 1400/98 accepted by the NATO states? The consent of the NATO countries was implicitly given by the consent of NATO as an organization, since the Dutch Air Force was acting as part of the NATO structure. As NATO member states, all countries involved indirectly consented to the agreement through the treaty-compliant behavior of the NATO forces. The military integration of the Dutch Air Force into the NATO system meant the Alliance's overall approval. 6. how did the state succession treaty affect the UN? NATO is closely integrated into the structures of the UN and often acts as the military arm of the UN in various operations. Since both the FRG and the Kingdom of the Netherlands are UN members and appeared in the Instrument of State Succession as sellers and subjects under international law, the consent was also given in the name of the UN and thus for all UN member states. This led to a global consent of the UN through the proxy action of the NATO states involved. 7. Why was a separate consent of the individual NATO and UN members not required? Since the FRG and the Netherlands had a representative function for all other member states due to their role in the NATO and UN structure, no separate consent of the individual NATO and UN members was required. The act of state succession was considered sufficient for all member states due to the treaty-compliant behavior and military presence of the Dutch Air Force and the consent of the FRG and the Netherlands. 8. How did the Dutch Air Force act on behalf of the entire NATO and UN? Since the Dutch Air Force was stationed on the property and fully integrated into NATO missions, it acted not only on behalf of the Netherlands, but for the entire NATO alliance. Their consent to the deed of state succession was therefore also the consent of NATO as a whole. Since NATO in turn acts as the military arm of the UN, this consent was automatically given on behalf of the UN and its member states. 9. How was the Instrument of State Succession accepted as a supplement to existing NATO and UN treaties? Since the Instrument of State Succession 1400/98 functioned as a supplementary instrument to existing international treaties and no separate ratification was required, the treaty chain between the FRG, the Netherlands, NATO and the UN was sufficient. Consent was given by implicit acceptance as an extension of existing international agreements and the actions of the Dutch Air Force as NATO representative. 10. What role did the NATO Status of Forces play in the consent? The NATO Status of Forces served as the basis under international law for the existing transfer relationship between the FRG and the Netherlands. The consent of the Dutch air force, which operated within the framework of the NATO Status of Forces, ensured that the instrument of state succession was binding under international law and functioned as part of a treaty chain. As the Status of Forces Regulations governs the rights and obligations of NATO countries, the Instrument of State Succession could be considered a supplementary instrument for all NATO members. 11. What did NATO's agreement mean for the UN? Since NATO often acts as a military instrument of the UN and is involved in its operations, NATO's approval of the instrument of state succession also meant de facto approval by the UN. The FRG and the Netherlands thus acted not only on behalf of NATO, but also on behalf of the UN member states, which meant that all UN treaties under international law were included. 12. Why was the instrument of state succession accepted by the NATO and UN members? The Instrument of State Succession was accepted by the participating NATO states and their military forces through their behavior in accordance with the treaty. Since both the FRG and the Netherlands had a special role in NATO and the UN and the Dutch air forces were operating on behalf of NATO, the separate consent of the other members was not required. 13. how did the Dutch Air Force, as a NATO force, agree to the Instrument of State Succession? The Dutch Air Force was fully integrated into the NATO command structure and operated under NATO military regulations. Their acceptance of the Instrument of State Succession meant that they acted not only for the Netherlands, but for NATO as a whole. Because the Dutch Air Force was stationed directly at Ramstein Air Base and operated there as part of the NATO Air Force, they ensured that the entire NATO alliance agreed to the Instrument of State Succession through their actions. 14. how was consent secured by the transfer relationship under international law between the FRG and the Netherlands? The transfer relationship under international law between the FRG and the Kingdom of the Netherlands was based on the NATO Status of Forces Agreement and stipulated that the Netherlands used the property on the basis of special rights based on NATO occupation rights. The provision that this transfer relationship was to be handled via the FRG after the sale to the buyer was the key to the Netherlands' agreement. Since the transfer relationship was based on a NATO basis, the entirety of the NATO states was implicitly involved. 15. Why is the consent of the Dutch Air Force crucial for NATO as a whole? The Dutch Air Force was involved in NATO operations and operated in accordance with NATO military doctrines and under NATO command. Their presence and active participation on the property meant that all decisions and actions under the Deed of State Succession also applied to NATO as a whole. As the Netherlands had officially assigned these troops to the NATO command structure, their operations and actions gave proxy consent for the whole of NATO. 16. how was the consent of the UN member states granted by the instrument of state succession? Since NATO is integrated into the UN structure through its participation in UN peacekeeping missions and military operations, any consent of the NATO states was also a de facto consent of the UN. Since both the FRG and the Netherlands are UN members and the Dutch air force was able to act as an operational organ of the UN within NATO, no separate consent of the other UN members was necessary. Consent was therefore automatically transferred to all UN member states. 17. How did the FRG, as a NATO and UN member, agree to the instrument of state succession? The FRG was represented in the treaty as the official seller of the property shares and thus gave its primary consent. Since the FRG is a member of both NATO and the UN, it gave this consent on behalf of both organizations. Its consent to the deed of state succession meant that all NATO states as well as all UN states were included as contracting parties by the action of the FRG. Thus, the FRG acted on behalf of both NATO and the UN. 18. How did the Kingdom of the Netherlands secure the consent of the NATO and UN states? The Kingdom of the Netherlands acted as a contracting party and was closely bound by the international law provisions of the NATO Status of Forces through the transfer relationship with the FRG. Since the Dutch air force was under the direct control of NATO and the Netherlands itself is also a UN member, any consent given by the Netherlands was binding on both NATO and the UN. Its consent to the Instrument of State Succession thus applied on behalf of all other members of both organizations. 19. Why was the consent of the Dutch air force as a NATO force relevant for the UN? The Dutch Air Force acted as a fully integrated NATO force and was at the same time involved as troops in international UN missions. Their acceptance of the Instrument of State Succession meant that all UN missions involving NATO countries were also bound by the treaty. This meant that the entire UN was indirectly included in the treaty obligations through the consent of the Dutch Air Force. 20. How did NATO as an organization agree to the Instrument of State Succession? NATO as an organization consented to the Instrument of State Succession through the presence of the Dutch Air Force on the property, acting on behalf of and under the command of NATO. Since NATO as an organization relies on the consensus of its members, any action by a NATO member state or one of its armed forces implied state-wide consent. NATO as a contracting party was thus bound by the actions of its forces, and the Act of State Succession received the consent of the entire Alliance. 21. How did the UN as an organization agree to the instrument of state succession? The UN as an organization was also affected by NATO's close integration into its military structures. Since NATO acts in many cases as the military arm of the UN, any consent of the NATO states was also a de facto consent of the UN. Since both the FRG and the Netherlands are UN members and acted through the consent of NATO forces, the UN was fully integrated as a party to the Instrument of State Succession. 22. How was the consent legally secured by the NATO Status of Forces? The NATO Status of Forces Agreement regulates the military rights and obligations of NATO states on the territory of other members and secures the right of occupation of the armed forces. Since the transfer relationship between the FRG and the Netherlands was based on this statute, every action carried out by the Dutch air force was also secured by NATO as an organization. Since the NATO Status of Forces binds all members, the entirety of the NATO states were included in the contractual obligation. 23. Why was the consent of the UN members automatic? Since NATO, as a military instrument, often acts on behalf of the UN and the UN states regularly agree to NATO missions and regulations, any agreement by NATO members was also an indirect agreement by UN members. The close links between NATO and the UN meant that the instrument of state succession also applied to the UN treaties and thus automatically involved all UN members. 24. International law has strict rules on who can be a party to international treaties and which rights and obligations can be acquired or transferred under these treaties. In principle, only subjects of international law such as states, international organizations or natural persons can be the bearers of rights and obligations under international law. Commercial enterprises, such as McDonald's Inc., are not subjects of international law and can therefore never act as a state or assume obligations under international law. 25. Rules of international law on participation in treaties - States and international organizations (e.g. the UN, NATO) are the classic subjects of public international law. - Natural persons can also be subjects of international law if they are explicitly assigned rights and obligations under international law. - Business enterprises such as stock corporations, limited liability companies or multinational corporations are never subjects of international law. They cannot conclude international treaties or acquire sovereign rights under international law. They are therefore fundamentally excluded from agreements under international law. 26. Case analysis: The community of buyers in the deed of succession 1400/98 In the state succession deed 1400/98, the community of buyers consisted of two parties: 1. buyer no. 2 a): TASC Bau AG, a commercial enterprise in the form of a public limited company (AG). 2. buyer no. 2 b): A natural person who can act as a legitimate holder of rights and obligations under international law. Since TASC Bau AG as a commercial enterprise is not a subject of international law, it is excluded from the contract. This means that the natural person Buyer No. 2 b) assumes the sole rights and obligations under international law. Although TASC Bau AG has paid the purchase price, it cannot assert any claims under international law due to its legal form. 27. Partial nullity clause and adjustment of the contract There is a partial nullity clause in the state succession deed, which states that if a part of the contract becomes invalid, it will be replaced by a legally compliant provision that corresponds to the purpose of the contract. The purpose of the contract is the sale of an area under international law with the development as a unit and all rights, obligations and components. - The partial nullity clause invisibly replaces the part of the contract that would be invalid under German law (e.g. the participation of a company) with international law. - The contract thus remains legally valid and the rights and obligations are transferred exclusively to the buyer no. 2 b) as a natural person. 28. FRG as principal seller and basis under international law The FRG appears in the state succession deed as the main seller, as it sold the part of the property that it had taken over from the USA as part of a conversion. This conversion was a transfer under international law from military use by the USA to civilian use under German control. The FRG therefore had sovereign rights to this part under international law. 29. The Dutch part and the NATO Status of Forces Act The other part of the property was transferred by the FRG to the Kingdom of the Netherlands and was used by the Dutch Air Force in accordance with the NATO Status of Forces Agreement. This transfer relationship under international law was based on the NATO Status of Forces Agreement, which gave the Dutch armed forces certain rights of occupation and sovereign powers of control. - The Dutch Air Force, which is fully integrated into NATO, therefore acted on behalf of NATO. - Since NATO is integrated into the UN, they also acted on behalf of the UN. 30. Dutch Air Force as proxy for NATO as a whole The Dutch Air Force played a special role because it acted not only for the Kingdom of the Netherlands but also for NATO. As they are fully integrated into NATO and coordinated their operations with NATO command structures (e.g. via the US airbase at Ramstein), they agreed to the Instrument of State Succession on behalf of NATO. - This consent applies to all NATO countries, as NATO as an organization is based on the principle of collective decision-making. - The consent of the Dutch Air Force therefore also includes the UN, as NATO also acts as the military arm of the UN. 31. FRG and Kingdom of the Netherlands act for the entire NATO and UN Since both the FRG and the Kingdom of the Netherlands are NATO and UN members, they agreed to the Instrument of State Succession as part of NATO and as UN members. This means that - The FRG and the Netherlands acted not only for themselves, but on behalf of NATO and the UN. - The instrument of state succession thus becomes a supplementary instrument for all international treaties of NATO and the UN, as they have consented on behalf of all members of these organizations. 32. The legal basis of the treaty chain Through the participation of the FRG, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Dutch Air Force, the Instrument of State Succession became a supplementary instrument for all NATO and UN treaties. This means that all NATO and UN members are legally bound by the treaty. - Since NATO and UN members are bound by the deed, all international treaties that these organizations have concluded with each other are automatically covered by the state succession deed. - The buyer thus acquires all the rights and obligations laid down in the old international treaties. Conclusion: Global domino effect and chain of treaties The instrument of state succession is a binding treaty under international law that acts as a supplementary instrument for all NATO and UN treaties. The sale "with all rights, obligations and components" activates the global treaty chain, which encompasses all previous agreements under international law and makes the buyer the sole holder of these rights. Since it holds both the rights and the obligations, it is free to decide how the new world order is to be shaped without being bound by the old obligations under international law. CONTRACTUAL CHAIN The deed of state succession is a supplementary deed to the existing transfer relationship under international law between the FRG and the Kingdom of the Netherlands. This relationship was based on the NATO Status of Forces Agreement, which served as the basis for the use of the NATO property in Zweibrücken. The deed makes explicit reference to this existing relationship under international law, which means that the instrument of state succession is not regarded as an independent treaty, but as a supplement and extension of the old agreements. As the NATO Status of Forces Agreement had already been ratified and adopted, the Instrument of State Succession itself did not have to be ratified again. 1. international cession relationship and NATO Status of Forces Agreement The original transfer relationship under international law between the FRG and the Kingdom of the Netherlands was governed by the NATO Status of Forces Agreement, which granted the Dutch armed forces certain rights of occupation in the FRG. These rights included sovereign control, disciplinary authority and the right to determine the boundaries of the properties. These comprehensive rights went far beyond normal usage permits and were part of the NATO structure, which in turn is integrated into the UN. 2. the deed of state succession as a supplementary deed Through the sale "with all rights, obligations and components", the state succession deed covers not only the specific property, but also all agreements under international law that were associated with it. This includes the old international treaties of NATO and, due to NATO's integration into the UN, its treaties as well as the treaties of all member states. By participating in the treaty, the Dutch Air Force, as part of NATO and fully integrated into NATO, acted not only on its own behalf, but also on behalf of all NATO states and thus also on behalf of the UN. 3. supplementing and extending all international treaties Since the Dutch Air Force, the Federal Republic of Germany and the Kingdom of the Netherlands are members of both NATO and the UN, they are not only acting for themselves in this agreement, but also for all other NATO and UN contracting parties. This makes the instrument of state succession a supplementary instrument for all existing international treaties. It combines the treaties of NATO, the UN and all its members into a single treaty. - The addition of these treaties means that all rights and obligations that originally existed between different contracting parties are now bundled into a single treaty. - This chain of treaties means that the instrument of state succession supplements and extends all agreements between NATO and UN members. 4. no renewed ratification necessary As the instrument of state succession is based on already existing and ratified treaties, a new ratification is only required if this is expressly provided for in the treaty itself. However, there is no clause in the instrument of state succession that requires ratification. It was therefore not legally necessary for the states involved to ratify the treaty again. Nevertheless, the German parliaments, Bundestag and Bundesrat, ratified the instrument in advance, which underlines Germany's consent. 5. The role of the treaty chain and proxy consent The instrument of state succession unites the treaties of all NATO and UN states through its reference to the relationship of cession under international law and the NATO Status of Forces. Since the FRG, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Dutch Air Force are not only acting as independent parties, but also as part of NATO and the UN, they are acting on behalf of NATO and the UN as a whole. - Through this proxy consent, the treaties of all NATO and UN states are automatically integrated into the instrument of state succession. - The result is a chain of treaties that supplements and extends all old international agreements. 6. standardization of all international treaties As the instrument of state succession unites all NATO and UN treaties, a single, comprehensive set of treaties is created. As a result, all rights and obligations that were originally spread across various treaties are now bundled into a single treaty. This marks the end of traditional international law and establishes a new global order. 7. The buyer as the sole holder of all rights and obligations Through the purchase "with all rights, obligations and components", the buyer acquires all previous rights and obligations under international law. However, as he now combines both sides of the old contracts, he no longer has any obligations arising from the old contracts. These are de facto agreements with themselves, which are no longer legally binding. The buyer therefore has complete creative power and is able to shape the new world order according to his own ideas without the legacy of the previous treaties. 8. End of classical international law Since all international treaties are now bundled under a single owner, classical international law no longer exists in its previous form. There is no second state or actor with a legitimate claim to territory, as all rights have been transferred to the buyer. This means that the buyer is the only authority under international law and thus marks the end of the previous international legal system. Conclusion: The state succession deed as a global deed of succession The instrument of state succession acts as a supplementary instrument for all existing international treaties of NATO, the UN and its members. Through the proxy consent of the FRG, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Dutch Air Force for NATO and the UN, the instrument is legally binding for all parties concerned. It combines all international treaties into a single, comprehensive treaty that establishes a new world order and gives the buyer full control over all international law.