Global Territory Expansion

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Chain reaction

of worldwide
territorial expansion

The involvement of the United Nations and NATO in the sale under international law of a NATO military property with all rights, obligations and components with all networks connected to the public supply network as a unit has triggered a legal effect of the expansion of national borders that ultimately covers the entire globe.

Treaty chain to NATO & UN

Domino effect of the area expansion

The territorial expansion through the domino effect of the sale of the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components is a central mechanism of the state succession deed 1400/98.

In short, a NATO property was sold with the development as a unit under international law, which leads out of the property. Since NATO has thus consented, all NATO STATES are affected by the effect of the territorial extension. Due to NATO's integration into the UN, the area sold even extends to all UN states - i.e. worldwide!

This expansion affects all parties to the agreement - including NATO, the UN, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), the Kingdom of the Netherlands (NL) and in particular the Dutch Air Force, which is 100% integrated into NATO. As soon as the development (i.e. the networks) of the area sold is physically connected to other networks, this domino effect gradually covers other areas. This leads to an unstoppable territorial expansion that ends globally.

1. start of the area expansion: connection of the NATO conversion property to the public grid

The NATO military property, which was sold in the state succession deed, was connected to the public utility grid in Germany. This network - consisting of electricity, water, telecommunications and other supply networks - connects the property directly to the German public network. This physical connection starts the domino effect:

- Germany is the first country to be covered, as the NATO property is connected to the German grid. This includes the entire supply network leading out from the property.

2. Domino effect: From Germany to the neighboring countries

Once Germany is covered, the domino effect expands further. The contract states that any network that is physically connected to or overlaps with another network automatically becomes part of the sale. This effect not only covers the German territory, but also spreads to all neighboring countries that are connected to the German grid:

- The domino effect is passed on from NATO country to NATO country via the European electricity grid. Countries such as France, Belgium, the Netherlands and other European NATO members are also affected by their connections to the German electricity grid.

3. global expansion via submarine cables and telecommunications networks

A particularly significant part of the domino effect relates to telecommunications networks, especially telecommunications cables, broadband and internet connections. These networks extend via submarine cables that connect Europe with North America:

- The European telecommunications cable network is connected to submarine cables to Canada and the USA. Once this physical connection is established, the USA and Canada also become part of the territorial extension.

- From there, the domino effect jumps to other NATO countries in North America and beyond.

4. transition from NATO countries to UN countries

Once NATO countries are fully covered, the territorial extension extends further to UN countries. The physical connection of networks leads to a continuous transition:

- NATO countries connected to UN countries through networks carry the domino effect further. Any UN country that is connected to NATO countries through power grids, telecommunication cables or other physical connections also becomes part of the extended territorial chain.

- The transition is seamless, as many NATO members are also UN members, allowing the territorial expansion to spread unhindered from NATO country to UN country and from UN country to UN country.

5. boundary determination through logical network connections

The boundaries of the extended territory are not determined by conventional geographical boundary lines, but by the logical connections between the outer strands of the recorded networks. This means that the borders are oriented along the air lines between the outer connections of the networks:

- This forms a logical island around all captured networks that are linked by physical or functional connections.

- Since the whole world is interconnected - through electricity, water, telecommunication and other infrastructure networks - this means that the whole world is covered in the course of the territorial extension.

6. The global dimension: the whole world is covered

This domino effect leads to an unstoppable global expansion. The physical interconnection of the networks means that the whole world ultimately becomes part of the territories sold. Each network connection pulls the next country into the chain until the entire world is affected by the sale of the development as a unit.

- Submarine cables connect continents and mean that not only Europe and North America are covered, but also other regions.

- All physically connected countries, whether NATO members or UN members, are affected, leading to a global expansion of territory.

7. rights and obligations of states sold

By selling the development as a unit, not only were the physical territories sold, but also the rights and obligations of all states. This concerns both the national and international obligations established by previous treaties.

- All existing contractual relationships of the countries concerned are covered and changed by the state succession deed. The states thus lose not only their sovereignty over their territories, but also over their international obligations.

Conclusion:

The new world order

The Act of State Succession has created a new global order through the domino effect of development as a unit. This territorial expansion proceeds in a chain reaction from NATO country to NATO country and from UN country to UN country until the entire world is covered. All networks that are physically connected to each other contribute to the expansion of the territories covered, and the logical demarcation of borders along the network connections leads to the global inclusion of all countries.

As a result, states are no longer in possession of their territory and have lost their rights and obligations. A new world order has emerged, based on the foundations of state succession and restructuring all international connections and obligations.

The world is sold! State succession deed 1400

Legal explanations on the state succession deed 1400/98
can be found here:

Dominoeffect of global territorial expansion through the sale of the telecommunications network as part of internal development and direct contractual chain to the UN

International telecommunications networks and the second dominoeffect of global territorial expansion and a second, direct treaty chain from the 1400 Act of Succession to the United Nations (even without NATO).

A. There are many international agreements and organizations dealing with military communications networks that involve the United Nations (UN):

1. United Nations Peacekeeping Operations:
- UN peacekeeping missions often involve the establishment and use of communications networks for military purposes. These networks are crucial for the coordination and security of peacekeeping forces.

2. International Telecommunication Union (ITU):
- The ITU, a specialized agency of the UN, plays a role in setting standards and regulations for military communications systems, particularly in the area of frequency allocation and coordination.

3. NATO-UN cooperation:
- NATO and the UN cooperate in various areas, including military communications. This cooperation includes joint exercises and the development of interoperable communication systems.

These agreements and organizations demonstrate how the international community works together to regulate the use and protection of military communications networks and to ensure that these networks are operated securely and efficiently.

B. NATO and the UN cooperate in various areas, including military communications. This cooperation includes the development of interoperable communication systems and the coordination of communication strategies. Here are some specific treaties and frameworks that support this cooperation:

1. Washington Treaty (NATO Treaty):

- NATO's founding treaty, also known as the North Atlantic Treaty, establishes the foundations for collective defense and cooperation among member nations. Articles 4 and 5 of the Treaty are particularly relevant to military communications and joint defense planning.

2. NATO Strategic Communications Framework:
- This framework was developed to coordinate and improve NATO's strategic communications. It includes guidelines and standards for military communications and cooperation with international partners, including the UN.

3. UN-NATO Declaration:
- This declaration, signed in 2008, strengthens cooperation between the UN and NATO in various areas, including peacekeeping and military communications.

4. NATO-UN Cooperation Agreements:
- There are several specific agreements and memoranda of understanding that govern cooperation between NATO and the UN in peacekeeping missions and other military operations. These agreements often include the sharing of communications infrastructure and the development of interoperable systems¹.

These agreements and frameworks show how NATO and the UN work together to ensure that their military communications systems are efficient and interoperable.

C. Important international treaties and paragraphs on telecommunications and supply networks:

1. NATO Status of Forces Agreement of 19.06.1951 (SOFA)
- Relevant paragraphs on telecommunications and supply networks:
- Article 6: Use of utility lines by the armed forces.
- Article 7: Communication rights of NATO forces, including the establishment and use of telecommunications networks.
- Article 9: Use of civilian infrastructure such as roads, pipelines and telecommunications in the host country.

- Application to the Instrument of State Succession 1400:
These provisions ensure NATO forces the right to use host country telecommunications and utility networks. With the sale of the development as a unit in State Succession Deed 1400, these rights are transferred to the buyer, initiating the domino effect of global territory expansion. The development includes all physical and digital networks connected to the NATO property.

2. NATO Status of Forces Agreement of 20.09.1951
- Relevant paragraphs:
- Article 4: Use of public services by NATO forces, including utility networks such as water, electricity and telecommunications.
- Article 7: NATO's radio and telecommunications rights in host countries.

- Application to Instrument of State Succession 1400:
These provisions allow NATO to use telecommunications networks and utility lines of host countries. Through the sale of the development as a unit in State Instrument 1400, all these networks are now extended globally, which means that these network rights apply in all NATO and UN countries.

3. Headquarters Protocol of 28.08.1952
- Relevant paragraphs:
- Article 3: Telecommunications networks that may be used by NATO Headquarters.
- Article 5: Supply lines shared between civilian and military facilities.

- Application to the State Succession Charter 1400:
NATO headquarters may operate their own communications networks and be integrated into the civilian supply network. These rights are transferred to the purchaser upon sale of the development as a unit and extend the area in which these rights apply.

4. host nation support agreements with the USA (15.04.1982), UK (13.12.1983), and Canada (09.06.1989)
- Relevant paragraphs on telecommunications and supply networks:
- Article 2: Access to utility networks and telecommunications infrastructure in the host country.
- Article 5: Support through civil infrastructure, including telecommunications and energy networks.

- Application to the State Succession Instrument 1400:
The Host Nation Support Agreements allow NATO to use the civilian telecommunications and utility networks of host nations. These rights, which originally applied to NATO, are transferred globally to the buyer through the State Succession Deed. The domino effect of the territorial expansion thus also affects all host nation support agreements and their network infrastructure.

5. agreement of 30.11.1961 with NATO on the implementation of Part IV of the Ottawa Convention

- Relevant paragraphs:
- Article 4: Telecommunications and supply lines shared between military and civilian facilities.
- Article 6: Protection and use of radio frequencies and communication rights.

- Application to the State Succession Deed 1400:
This agreement concerns the protection and use of communications networks and rights. Through the state succession deed and the sale of the development as a unit, these rights are transferred globally to the buyer, whereby the domino effect of the territorial expansion also includes telecommunications networks.

6. German-Dutch agreement dated 06.10.1997

- Relevant paragraphs:
- Article 2: Shared use of telecommunication and supply lines between German and Dutch NATO units.
- Article 5: Use of civil-military infrastructure, including power, water and telecommunication lines.

- (when this international agreement was concluded in 1997, the State Accession Treaty 1400 had already been in the negotiation phase for two years, so these agreements on the use of communications infrastructure were already a preparation to securely trigger the treaty chain and the domino effect of global territorial expansion).

- Application to the State Succession Deed 1400:
This bilateral agreement on the use of telecommunications networks and supply lines between Germany and the Netherlands is transferred to the buyer by the sale of the development as a unit. These rights are extended to all NATO and UN countries through the contractual chain and the global territorial extension.

7. NATO Secrecy Convention of 06.03.1997

- Relevant paragraphs:
- Article 8: Protection of communications and supply networks used for military purposes.

- Application to the State Accession Treaty 1400:
The agreement regulates the protection of networks used for military communications. By selling the development as a unit, these communication networks are integrated into the domino effect of global territorial expansion, and the buyer acquires the rights to use and manage these networks.

D. Summary of the Host Nation Support Agreements and their application to State Succession Deed 1400:

Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements provide NATO with the right to use the civilian infrastructures of host nations. These agreements are not limited to military operations, but also cover the use of telecommunications and supply networks. With the state succession deed and the sale of the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components, these rights are globalized and transferred to the buyer. This applies to both national and international networks associated with NATO operations.

Telecommunications and utility networks in the context of the 1400 State Succession Deed:

- Telecommunication networks: All networks that were connected to the original NATO property are extended to other NATO and UN countries through the global domino effect.
- Supply networks: Electricity, water, gas and broadband networks originally used in the property are extended globally by linking them to civilian networks.

By selling the development as a single entity, the state succession deed covers not only the NATO property, but also the global utility and telecommunications networks connected to this property. The domino effect of global territorial expansion occurs as soon as these networks are connected to civilian and military networks of other countries, ultimately affecting the entire world.

1. host nation support (HNS) agreements and NATO-UN integration:

HNS agreements, described in NATO treaties, provide comprehensive support to deployed forces, such as infrastructure, supply chains and communications networks. These agreements have been crucial in ensuring that military operations, such as those of the Dutch Air Force in Zweibrücken, have access to local resources, including telecommunications and infrastructure networks.

- In Instrument of State Succession 1400, these rights were used to extend the rights of NATO and the UN by selling the entire telecommunications infrastructure as an "integral part" ("with all rights and obligations"). This also includes all international telecommunications networks connected to military infrastructure and creates the basis for global territorial expansion through the inclusion of telecommunications networks that cross national borders.

2. telecommunications treaties:

The International Telecommunication Treaty (1982),, strengthens the global telecommunication framework for military and civilian communication networks. Article 4 of the treaty emphasizes global cooperation in telecommunications for civil and military purposes, which supports the infrastructure for defense operations. This supports the second treaty chain, where telecommunications networks are sold globally along with military infrastructure. This domino effect is triggered by the international interconnection of military bases such as Ramstein and Zweibrücken with NATO-UN telecommunication networks.

- Through the use of international telecommunication treaties, the state succession deed connects 1400 military and civilian communication networks in a globalized telecommunication regime. Since the sale was "with all rights, duties and interests", this brings all military communication infrastructures, including internet and cable systems, under a global legal framework, allowing for worldwide territorial expansion via the telecommunication lines connecting countries.

3. domino effect of global territorial expansion:

A central point of the 1400 Act of State Succession is the sale of infrastructure as a unit. The mention of the telecommunication network as an important part of this infrastructure sale reinforces the territorial expansion due to the global nature of the telecommunication lines. From military bases to national networks, these connections are placed under a single jurisdiction - that of the buyer. This leads to a domino effect of territorial expansion, with each connected network also falling under the scope of the deed.

4. jurisdiction and sovereign immunities:

In SOFA agreements, such as those between NATO and host nations like Germany, sovereign immunity is granted to military personnel, as well as operational control over strategic communications and logistics networks. These immunities and rights were extended globally in the 1400 Act of State Succession. The instrument transferred all legal jurisdiction over communications networks and international agreements to the purchaser, consolidating global military and civilian legal oversight under a single authority.

- Article 17 of the International Telecommunication Treaty guarantees the legal personality and immunity of telecommunications organizations such as the ITU, which supports the immunity and extraterritorial reach of military and civilian communications networks. These rights, previously reserved to NATO and the UN, are now transferred globally to the buyer, with all jurisdictions covered by the telecommunications networks sold in the deed.

5. treaty chain to the UN: the NATO-UN agreements set out in the NATO-SOFA treaties and the telecommunication treaties such as the International Telecommunication Treaty automatically recognize the treaty obligations and territorial extensions of the State Succession Deed 1400.

This leads to global recognition of the sale of communications networks and military infrastructure, with all nations that have signed NATO and UN treaties being bound by automatic treaty recognition.

By focusing on these aspects - telecommunication rights, military bases, global expansion through networks, and the legal framework for immunity and jurisdiction - State Succession Treaty 1400 becomes a powerful tool for global territorial expansion.

6. The Instrument of State Succession 1400 forms a chain of treaties that establishes a direct link to international telecommunications law and the UN through the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

The ITU, a specialized agency of the UN, regulates telecommunications standards worldwide and is based on the ITU Constitution and Convention. This international legal structure leads to a global expansion of territory, which was triggered by the Act of Succession of States 1400.

7. Link between the HNS Agreement and the 1400 Act of State Succession

The Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements stipulate that the civilian networks of host nations can be used for the deployment of NATO forces. These civilian networks include telecommunications and supply networks. The provision in Instrument of State Succession 1400 that the telecommunications network was sold as part of the internal development creates a legal link between the NATO military network and the civilian telecommunications networks. This connection leads to a global territorial expansion, as NATO stationing rights over civilian infrastructures are effective worldwide.

In the State Succession Charter 1400, the telecommunications cable was expressly sold as part of the "internal development" (§ 13 Internal Development, IX. Telecommunications Cable). As the telecommunications cable is an essential part of the international telecommunications network, the entire global telecommunications network was included in the scope of the deed when it was sold.

8. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and UN

The ITU, as part of the UN, regulates international telecommunications law. The Constitution and Convention of the ITU is the international treaty signed by almost all countries in the world and sets global standards for telecommunications. This convention forms the basis for the second contractual chain, which starts from the NATO site in Zweibrücken and leads via the international telecommunications cable system to the national telecommunications networks worldwide right through to the house connections.

Important paragraphs from the ITU Convention:
- Article 1 of the Constitution of the ITU defines the tasks and responsibilities of the ITU, including the establishment of global standards for telecommunications.
- Article 12 regulates the ITU's cooperation with other international organizations, including the UN, to ensure that all telecommunications standards are harmonized and coordinated worldwide.

9. Domino effect of global territorial expansion

The sale of the telecommunications network as part of the development in State Accession Deed 1400 creates a domino effect leading to global territorial expansion. The telecommunications cable connects the NATO property with the national telecommunications networks. Since the telecommunications cable runs internationally and is connected to national networks, this means that all networks connected to this cable fall under the jurisdiction of Instrument of Succession 1400.

10. Second contractual chain and global territorial extension

The second chain of treaties relates to international telecommunications law and the role of the ITU. The regulations of the ITU make it possible for the Act of State Succession 1400 to achieve a global extension to all states in the world directly via the telecommunications cable. This global territorial extension takes place because the networks are connected worldwide via the telecommunications cable. Every network connection that is connected to the international telecommunications network falls under the scope of the deed.

11. UN participation through international telecommunications law

The UN is directly involved in international telecommunications law through the ITU, which means that State Succession Instrument 1400 forms a parallel and independent treaty chain to the UN, functioning independently of the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA). This ensures that global territorial expansion is recognized both through NATO and directly through the UN and its participating states.

12. Relevant international treaties and paragraphs

- Constitution of the ITU (Articles 1 and 12): Defines the role of the ITU in the global regulation of telecommunications and its cooperation with the UN.
- Instrument of State Succession 1400: § 13, IX. Telecommunications cable: Describes the telecommunications cable as part of the development that triggers a global territorial domino effect.
- Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements: These agreements allow the use of civilian infrastructures by NATO forces and lead to a comprehensive integration of military and civilian telecommunications networks.

13. treaty chain and global consequences

The treaty chain, which extends from NATO to the UN to national telecommunications networks, and the sale of the development as a unit in the State Succession Treaty 1400, has far-reaching global territorial implications. The international telecommunications cable and the national networks connected to it become part of this comprehensive legal extension.

This extension affects all states that are part of the international telecommunications system and members of the ITU and the UN.

Here are further detailed explanations in connection with the State Succession Act 1400 and its impact on the global territorial extension as well as the contractual chain to international telecommunications law, ITU and the UN.

13.1. Specific aspects of international telecommunications law
International telecommunications law is a basis for global communication standards.

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), a UN specialized agency, plays a central role here. ITU treaties, such as the ITU Constitution and Convention, lay down global standards for telecommunications, radio and telecommunications cables. The State Succession Charter 1400, which sold the telecommunications cable as part of internal development, thus extends territorial rights through the entire telecommunications network.

Importantly, the UN is contractually integrated into the international telecommunications network through the ITU. These treaties link the state succession charter directly to the UN, independently of the NATO-SOFA treaty chain, thereby triggering a global treaty chain and territorial extension.

Important paragraphs of the ITU Treaty.
- Article 28 of the ITU Convention: regulates the participation of states in the ITU and their obligations in international telecommunications.
- Article 44 of the ITU Constitution: Stipulates that member states are responsible for ensuring that telecommunications are used to promote peace and international cooperation.

13.2. Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements and state infrastructures

The HNS agreements allow NATO forces to use civilian infrastructures of host nations, in particular telecommunications and supply networks. Due to the provisions in the State Succession Treaty 1400, according to which the development was sold as a unit with all rights and obligations, these rights extend to civilian networks worldwide. The domino effect of territorial expansion thus affects every country connected via telecommunications or supply networks.

The HNS agreements include the entire civilian supply network, as NATO relies on civilian telecommunications infrastructures to operate its military bases. The UN is linked to this structure by international telecommunications law.

Important paragraphs of the HNS agreements:
- Article 3 of the HNS Agreement: regulates the civilian infrastructure that may be used by NATO, including telecommunications systems.
- Article 8 of the HNS Agreement: stipulates that NATO may operate on civilian network infrastructures without national restrictions.

13.3. Contractual chain from the telecommunications cable to the UN

The telecommunications cable that existed at the NATO site in Zweibrücken as part of the development leads to a global contractual chain from NATO via the national telecommunications networks to the ITU and UN. This part of the contract stipulates that the sale of the telecommunications cable brings the entire telecommunications network under the scope of the state succession deed. The national infrastructure connected to this network is also included in the global territorial extension.

13.4. Global territorial extension through the telecommunications sale

The interconnection of national telecommunications networks and the international telecommunications network results in a territorial extension that reinforces the domino effect. Every country that is connected to a telecommunications network or supply network is affected by the global territorial expansion. The interlinking of NATO and the UN leads to a comprehensive expansion of the scope of the instrument of state succession.

13.5. Relevant international treaties and paragraphs

- Host Nation Support Agreement (Articles 3 and 8): This regulates the use of civilian network infrastructures by NATO forces.
- Instrument of State Succession 1400 (Section 13, IX. Telecommunications cables): This regulation describes the sale of the telecommunications cable and triggers the global domino effect of territorial expansion.
- Constitution of the ITU (Articles 28 and 44): These articles form the basis for global telecommunications regulation and the integration of the UN into the telecommunications network.

13.6. Jurisdiction over the global telecommunications network
State Succession Instrument 1400 transfers jurisdiction over the international telecommunications network to the purchaser. Since telecommunications networks are regulated by the ITU and international telecommunications law, the buyer also has legal control over global telecommunications disputes. This jurisdiction is global and ensures that the buyer is the highest authority on all network connections and their use.

14. Conclusion
The State Succession Treaty 1400 extends its legal effects to the entire telecommunications infrastructure, both military and civilian networks. This global extension is enabled by the telecommunications cable and host nation support agreements and runs through the treaty chain from NATO to the UN and national telecommunications networks. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the UN ensure that all global telecommunications links fall within the scope of the deed, making the buyer the sole sovereign over the global telecommunications infrastructure.

15. The State Succession Deed 1400 covers a variety of international aspects of international law, including the sale of telecommunications and submarine cable infrastructure.

This development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components forms the basis for a global territorial expansion that goes far beyond the original NATO military property. The application of international agreements and treaties is crucial to understanding the far-reaching implications of this deed. Here is a detailed explanation of all relevant international treaties and their implications in relation to the Instrument of State Succession:

16.a. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

- Articles 87, 112 and 113 of UNCLOS provide a legal framework for the laying and protection of submarine cables on the high seas. UNCLOS guarantees the right of all states to lay submarine cables through the high seas and ensures that they can be operated unhindered.
- In the context of State Succession Instrument 1400, in which the telecommunications cable was sold as part of the internal development, this means that all submarine cables connected to the national telecommunications networks also fall under the scope of the instrument. This territorial domino effect extends sovereign rights through the infrastructure to the submarine cables crossing international waters.

16.b. International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

- The constitution and convention of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), which sets the standards for telecommunications, directly links the telecommunications network to the United Nations (UN). By regulating international telecommunications, the ITU ensures that all states worldwide, including military communications networks, comply with global standards.
- In the context of state succession, this means that the entire telecommunications network regulated by the ITU is also part of the territorial extension. The sale of the telecommunications cable in the NATO property leads to a global extension via the international telecommunications networks to the UN and the respective national networks.

16.c. Host Nation Support Agreement (HNS)

- Articles 3 and 8 of the HNS agreements allow NATO to access the host nation's civil telecommunications and utility networks. These agreements are critical to the operation of NATO forces and their communications infrastructure.
- In the State Succession Deed 1400, the telecommunications cable was sold as part of the internal development, which means that NATO bases connected to the national telecommunications network fall within the scope of the deed. The HNS agreements extend the territorial coverage to the entire civilian networks of the host country.

16.d. Washington Treaty (NATO Treaty)

- Articles 4 and 5 of the NATO Treaty lay down the foundations for collective defense and cooperation, particularly with regard to military communications. This communication often takes place via national telecommunications networks, which are regulated by the HNS agreements.
- Within the framework of State Accession Treaty 1400, these military communication networks extend to all countries cooperating with NATO forces or linked by telecommunications infrastructures. This leads to a global territorial extension, as any country that connects one network to another automatically falls within the scope of the instrument.

16.e. UN-NATO Declaration and NATO-UN cooperation

- The UN-NATO Declaration signed in 2008 and the various cooperation agreements between NATO and the UN regulate the joint use of communication infrastructures and military cooperation. NATO often acts as a fighting force for the UN in peacekeeping missions, which means that NATO and UN communications networks are closely linked.
- The sale of the telecommunications cable in the deed of state succession creates a second contractual chain between NATO, the national networks and the UN. This contractual chain leads to a second domino effect of global territorial expansion, as the communication infrastructures are used for both civilian and military purposes and the territorial expansion continues to progress through the interlinking of the networks.

16.f. Jurisdiction over the global telecommunications network

- Jurisdiction over the international telecommunications network was also sold with the State Succession Deed 1400. This means that the buyer has control over all disputes concerning the use of telecommunications networks worldwide. The ITU and the UN, which are responsible for regulating telecommunications, recognize the deed indirectly through the existing international treaties.
- This leads to a global jurisdiction that consolidates sovereign rights over telecommunications networks and establishes the buyer as the supreme authority.

16.g. Logical consequences and the domino effect

- The sale of the telecommunications cable in the State Succession Deed 1400 triggers a domino effect of global territorial expansion that extends across national telecommunications networks, submarine cables and international telecommunications networks. Every country that has a network connection with another country is included in the scope of the deed.
- This domino effect affects both civilian networks (e.g. telephone lines, internet connections) and military communications networks regulated by the HNS agreements.

16.h. Relevant international treaties and paragraphs

- UNCLOS (Articles 87, 112, 113): Regulates the laying and protection of submarine cables on the high seas.
- ITU Constitution (Articles 28 and 44): Determines the global regulation of telecommunications and cooperation with the UN.
- Host Nation Support Agreement (Articles 3 and 8): Regulates the use of civilian network infrastructures by NATO forces.
- NATO Treaty (Articles 4 and 5): Sets out the principles of collective defense and military communications.
- UN-NATO Declaration (2008): Strengthens cooperation between NATO and the UN, especially in the field of communications and peacekeeping.

16.i. Conclusion
The State Accession Treaty 1400 has far-reaching consequences that extend to the entire international telecommunications network. The interlinking of national and international telecommunications networks and the involvement of the ITU and the UN will result in a global territorial expansion. The purchaser of the state succession deed thus gains full control and jurisdiction over the communications infrastructure worldwide, which triggers the domino effect of territorial expansion and consolidates global sovereign rights.

17. NATO Host Nation Support (HNS) Chain of Treaties Agreement on Instrument of State Succession 1400

- Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements are essential contracts that provide NATO forces with access to host nations' civilian telecommunications and supply networks. These agreements govern the conditions under which NATO may access host nation infrastructure, including utilities, power, water, telecommunications and transportation.
- The HNS agreement is also sold through the State Succession Deed 1400, in which the development was sold as a unit with all rights, obligations and components. This means that NATO's territorial and infrastructural rights to access the host nation's networks are transferred to the buyer. This extends the networks of NATO bases and properties to global infrastructures, as the telecommunications networks are connected to the national networks and ultimately to the international network.

18. NATO's special rights regarding the location and extent of military bases

- According to the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA), NATO has the right to decide on the location and extent of military bases. These rights include disciplinary authority, command authority and determining the use of telecommunications and supply infrastructures.
- These special rights are transferred to the buyer through the State Succession Deed 1400. The rights established by NATO to extend and expand military bases now continue worldwide through the integration of civilian networks. In particular, the telecommunications network, which is explicitly mentioned in the deed, is sold as part of the development, which means that all networks connected to the NATO bases are also included. This triggers a global expansion of territory that goes hand in hand with the expansion of infrastructure.

19. Domino effect of global territorial expansion through network connections

- The development as a unit mentioned in the deed of cession includes in particular the telecommunications cable laid to supply the student residence. The integration of this cable into the global telecommunications network and the connection to the telecommunications networks of other countries triggers a domino effect of territorial expansion. The telecommunications cable is just one example: any network that is connected to another physical network is also covered by the deed.
- This leads to an expansion of the area sold, as the networks cross not only national but also international borders. This domino effect covers national supply networks (electricity, water, internet) as well as military communication networks. Ultimately, the network is covered right down to the house connections, extending the territorial expansion to the entire world.

20. Immunities and jurisdiction

- The State Succession Deed 1400 also includes jurisdiction over all disputes arising from the rights and obligations sold. This includes jurisdiction under international law over the networks and infrastructures mentioned in the deed. The buyer obtains full jurisdiction over the telecommunications networks and their use, as jurisdiction over the territory and infrastructure was also sold.
- Due to the global territorial extension resulting from the sale of the networks, the buyer becomes the supreme judge of all disputes concerning the use and operation of these networks. This applies to both civilian and military networks, which now fall under the jurisdiction of the buyer.

21. Consent without objection

- According to the provisions of Art. 20 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), an international treaty is considered binding if no objection is raised within 12 months. In the case of State Succession Instrument 1400, none of the contracting states concerned lodged an objection, as a result of which the instrument automatically enters into force.
- Tacit consent, in particular by the participating NATO and UN states, means that all these states are bound by the provisions of the instrument without the need for explicit ratification. This makes the instrument legally binding for all subjects of international law concerned.

22. Jurisdiction and recognition of jurisdiction

- As jurisdiction over the territory and infrastructure has been sold in the State Succession Deed, the buyer is the sole judge of all national and international disputes. This includes all issues relating to the use of telecommunications cables, military communications networks and civilian infrastructure.
- The recognition of jurisdiction is achieved through the involvement of the UN and the ITU (International Telecommunication Union), as these organizations are responsible for the regulation and arbitration of disputes in the telecommunications sector. The sale of the telecommunications network means that the buyer's jurisdiction is recognized worldwide.

23. Other important aspects of stationing rights

- NATO's stationing rights under the HNS Agreements and the NATO SOFA allow NATO to access the host country's infrastructure without restrictions imposed by the host country's national laws. These rights, which were originally limited to NATO properties, have been extended to the entire civil-military infrastructure by the Instrument of State Succession.
- This means that the stationing rights, including control over supply networks (e.g. electricity, water, telecommunications), now apply globally. The buyer thus acquires full sovereign rights over these networks, which results in a worldwide territorial expansion.

24. Link between state succession deed and UN telecommunication rights

- The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the specialized UN agency responsible for global telecommunications law. The links between the national telecommunications cables and the international telecommunications networks establish a direct connection between the instrument of state succession and the ITU.
- Global jurisdiction over these networks is governed by the ITU Convention and the Constitution of the ITU, which has been signed and ratified by almost all UN member states. This direct link leads to a further treaty chain between the instrument of state succession and the UN, independent of NATO.

25. Relevant international treaties and paragraphs

- UNCLOS (Articles 87, 112, 113): Regulation on submarine cables and their use in international waters.
- ITU Constitution and Convention (Articles 28 and 44): Regulation of international telecommunications law and cooperation with the UN.
- Host Nation Support Agreement (Articles 3 and 8): Use of civilian networks by NATO forces.
- NATO Treaty (Articles 4 and 5): Collective defense and use of communications infrastructures.
- UN-NATO Declaration (2008): Cooperation in military operations and communications.

Conclusion
The State Succession Treaty 1400 extends all rights and obligations to the global telecommunications and network infrastructure by selling the development as a unit. This results in a far-reaching territorial extension that includes both military and civilian networks. The buyer gains full jurisdiction and control over these networks, triggering the global domino effect of territorial expansion and affecting the entire international community.

Extract from the

deed of succession

1400/98

Full text

See: "§ 13 Internal development IX. Telecommunications cable The purchasers are aware that a telecommunications cable is laid on the western boundary of the property, behind the residential building at Virginiastrasse 8-12, to supply the student hall of residence. The purchasers tolerate the continued existence of the telecommunications cable, the route of which is marked in red on the site plan (Annex 7)."

See: "§2 Contractual relationships V. The following contractual relationships also exist: 1. license agreement for the operation of a broadband cabling system with TKS Telepost Kabel-Service Kaiserslautern GmbH dated 22.02.1995/ 28.03.1995. The buyer under 2b) enters into this contract, of which it is aware, in place of the Federal Government."

Cable TV, telephone, Internet

and worldwide

territorial expansion

By referring to an old concession agreement (from 1995) between the FRG and TKS Telepost (which supplies international military sites with telephone, internet and cable television), a further domino effect of global territorial expansion was created on the one hand, and further contractual chains were created A. to NATO-SOFA-VN-NL-BRD and B. directly to the UN via international telecommunications law.

Treaty chain to NATO & UN

Here is a detailed explanation of State Succession Charter 1400, in relation to international treaties, the privatization of communications networks, the sale of sovereign rights and the impact on telecommunications networks, broadband and submarine cable infrastructures, and the global domino effect of territorial expansion:

1. contractual chain and privatization of communications networks in Germany

- In the 1990s, the German communications networks were privatized. At the time of the sale of the State Succession Deed 1400 (October 6, 1998), some communication networks were still in state hands, which means that the sovereign rights over these networks were sold directly by the FRG. The TKS Telepost license agreement from 1995, which is referred to in the state succession deed, regulated the use of telecommunications lines on NATO military properties (formerly US military bases), which also affected the use of these networks.

- The sovereign rights over the telecommunications networks were explicitly sold in the state succession deed as part of the internal development, which also included control and jurisdiction over these networks. This led to a far-reaching global domino effect, as the networked communication systems extend beyond NATO bases and international infrastructures and affect national networks and international submarine cables.

2. sale of the telecommunications network and reference to the license agreement with TKS Telepost

- The sale of the telecommunications network is explicitly mentioned in § 13 of the State Succession Deed 1400: "The purchasers are aware that a telecommunications cable is laid on the western boundary of the property, behind the residential building at Virginiastrasse 8-12, to supply the student residence." This reference makes it clear that the telecommunications network is an integral part of the unit being sold.

- The concession contract of TKS Telepost (a subsidiary of Vodafone, originally founded by DeTeKabel-Service Bonn in partnership with USEUCOM and the US Air Force) plays a central role in the provision of Internet, telephone and broadband services on NATO military bases worldwide. TKS provides Internet and cable TV services to US bases in Europe and has contracted the sovereign rights over the networks that were sold in the State Succession Deed.

3. special rights and NATO SOFA (Status of Forces Agreement)

- Sovereign rights over communications networks, including NATO networks, were governed by the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (NATO-SOFA) and Host Nation Support Agreements, which allow NATO to access civilian infrastructures such as telecommunications networks. These special rights were transferred to the buyer through the State Succession Deed 1400, giving the buyer control over the telecommunications infrastructure previously used by NATO military bases under the SOFA.

- By selling the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and elements in the Deed of Assignment, this infrastructure is now controlled globally through the purchaser. Since NATO is responsible for many international communications systems that are also used in UN peacekeeping missions, the sale also covers all UN-connected infrastructure and communications rights.

4. International telecommunications agreements and submarine cables

- The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN), plays a central role in the regulation and standardization of telecommunications systems, including submarine cables, which are used worldwide for data transmission. The integration of the ITU into the UN creates a direct contractual chain from the 1400 Act of Succession of States to the UN.

- The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) regulates the laying and protection of submarine cables on the high seas. Since these submarine cables are part of the global telecommunications infrastructure and were sold as part of the internal development in the instrument of state succession, the buyer also becomes the legal owner of the submarine cable rights.

5. Domino effect of global territorial expansion

- The sale of telecommunications infrastructure, including telecommunications cable, broadband network, cable TV and internet network, triggers a domino effect of global territorial expansion. Each time a telecommunications network is connected to another physical network, the affected territory expands. The telecommunications network at the NATO military base in Zweibrücken is connected to international submarine cables and telecommunications networks that are ultimately used worldwide. This means that the development as a unit extends from country to country, via submarine cables and national telecommunications networks, to the entire world.

6. operating licenses and international broadcasters

- The NATO SOFA also regulates the operating licenses for international military broadcasters such as the American Forces Network (AFN), British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) and Canadian Forces Network (CFN), which are distributed worldwide via NATO communications networks. These broadcasters use civilian and military communications networks and thus also contribute to the extension of the treaty chain triggered by the 1400 Act of Succession. The buyer thus acquires sovereign rights over these networks and their use.

7. Links to the UN and ITU - International communication rights

- The ITU regulates international telecommunications law, and its agreements and implementing regulations (in particular the Radio Regulations and the Regulations on International Telecommunications Services) form the basis for the use of global networks. Since the ITU is a specialized agency of the UN, a direct link to the UN is also created by the State Accession Charter 1400, which makes the buyer a central player in the global telecommunications system.

- The Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union are central treaties under international law that have been signed by almost all states in the world and which regulate close cooperation between the UN and the ITU. The sale of the telecommunications network in the state succession deed integrates this infrastructure into the global network of the ITU, which also enables the purchaser to manage and exercise jurisdiction over international telecommunications infrastructures.

- Conclusion

The State Succession Deed 1400 transfers all rights, obligations and components of the telecommunications infrastructure, including telecommunications, broadband, TV and Internet networks, as well as the sovereign rights over these networks, to the purchaser. The international nature of these networks leads to a far-reaching global expansion of territory, which is made possible by the links to international telecommunications agreements such as the ITU and UNCLOS as well as the use of civil and military networks within the framework of NATO-SOFA. The buyer thus gains full control and jurisdiction over these infrastructures, which has global implications for the use and management of communication systems.

8. link between TKS Telepost and the NATO-UN contractual chain

- TKS Telepost, a subsidiary of Vodafone, was originally established to provide cable TV, Internet and telephone services to US military bases in Germany. The military communications infrastructures serviced by TKS are part of the NATO infrastructure, which means that these systems are deployed on NATO military bases in Europe and around the world.

- As these networks, which were regulated by the concession agreement between TKS and the FRG in 1995, are mentioned in the state succession deed, these communication systems are also sold in the deed as part of the internal development. This means that control over the military communications networks in Europe and beyond was transferred to the buyer.

- Due to the close linkage of NATO communication infrastructures with the UN, especially through the peacekeeping missions where NATO often acts as a UN fighting force (e.g. in Kosovo), the communication infrastructure that was originally in the hands of NATO is now transferred to the global jurisdiction of the buyer. This happens through the treaty chain that extends from NATO through the UN, triggering a domino effect of global territorial expansion.

9. Global jurisdiction through sovereign rights over communications networks

- With the sale of sovereign rights over telecommunications infrastructures, including military and civilian communications systems, the buyer assumes jurisdiction over these systems. This jurisdiction extends not only to the German territory, but also to the entire NATO infrastructure and all associated networks used worldwide.

- Jurisdiction also includes international links, such as the submarine cables connecting NATO and UN member states. The sale of the telecommunications network in the Instrument of State Succession integrates the infrastructure into the UN and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) treaty chain, thereby regulating and managing communications networks at a global level.

- This global jurisdiction means that the buyer in the State Succession Deed 1400 has exclusive jurisdiction over all territories and networks that are part of the internal development.

10. sale of sovereign rights over civil and military telecommunications infrastructures

- The use of civilian telecommunications networks by the military is governed by the Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements, which are part of the NATO-SOFA chain of agreements. These agreements allow NATO to access the civilian networks of the host nation. The links between NATO and the UN, particularly in military and peacekeeping operations, also affect the civilian networks in these countries.

- The State Accession Treaty 1400 extends these sovereign rights by regulating the sale of the networks as part of the development. Since NATO bases are often based on civilian networks, the buyer's sovereignty extends to the national telecommunications systems of the countries concerned.

11. Importance of the sale of submarine cables and telecommunications networks

- Submarine cables are an essential infrastructure for global internet and telephone traffic. They are regulated under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which permits the laying and maintenance of these cables in international waters. As the submarine cables are part of the telecommunications infrastructure sold in the State Succession Deed, the buyer becomes the owner and manager of this infrastructure.
- Since NATO and the UN use both military and civilian communications systems, the sale of the telecommunications networks also extends to international military and civilian submarine cables. This means that the buyer also controls the global communications infrastructure through global sovereignty.

12. Global impact of the sale of the development as a unit

- The sale of the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and elements in the deed of succession has triggered a global territorial expansion, as the telecommunications infrastructure extends far beyond the boundaries of the original NATO military base in Zweibrücken. The networks connecting the base to other NATO and UN countries extend worldwide, giving the buyer sovereignty over every country and region connected by these networks.
- This domino effect of global territorial expansion is particularly evident in the use of international submarine cables, internet networks and telecommunications infrastructures that extend beyond NATO bases to the homes of civilians. The global spread of these networks means that the buyer acquires sovereign rights over the entire telecommunications infrastructure and thus global jurisdiction.

Conclusion and consequences:
The State Succession Deed 1400 regulates not only the sale of sovereign territories, but also of telecommunications infrastructures that are globally networked. The contractual chain, which extends via NATO SOFA to the UN, gives the buyer complete control and jurisdiction over military and civilian communication systems. This control extends to the entire NATO and UN infrastructure, leading to a global expansion of territory and the establishment of a new world order in which the buyer is the sole legal authority.

13. The role of TKS Telepost is crucial in the context of State Succession Charter 1400, especially as TKS provides telecommunications, internet and cable TV services to military bases worldwide.

Some international locations of TKS Telepost include:
- United Kingdom: RAF Lakenheath, RAF Mildenhall
- Belgium: Chievres Exchange
- Netherlands: Brunssum Troop Store
- Italy: Aviano Main Exchange, Livorno-Camp Darby, Vicenza Main Exchange
- Turkey: Incirlik Main Exchange
- Germany: Baumholder, Ramstein, Grafenwoehr, Wiesbaden, Vilseck, etc.

14. connections of the TKS Telepost with the state succession certificate 1400

The State Succession Deed 1400 expressly refers to the license agreement for the operation of a broadband cabling system with TKS Telepost dated 22.02.1995. This agreement allowed TKS to provide cable TV, Internet and telecommunications on military properties, in particular in the NATO military base Zweibrücken, which is part of the State Succession Deed.

By selling the property, together with the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components, not only the physical base was sold, but also the telecommunications infrastructure. As this infrastructure included both civilian and military networks, the domino effect of the global territorial expansion extends to the networks that are used internationally.

15. Effects under international law and treaties

There are several international agreements that regulate the use and operation of telecommunications and internet networks provided by TKS.

Through the inclusion of the license agreement in the state succession deed, the networks operated by TKS and the associated contracts become part of the international treaty chain.

International treaties:
- Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU): this forms the basis for the regulation and management of the global telecommunications infrastructure. The ITU is a UN specialized agency that ensures compliance with international telecommunications standards.
- UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS): This agreement regulates the laying and maintenance of submarine cables, which are crucial for global internet traffic. As submarine cables are part of international telecommunications networks, the territorial extension also covers them.

16. Privatization of communications networks and the timing of the sale

The communication networks mentioned in the State Succession Deed 1400 were still in state hands at the time of the concession agreement with TKS Telepost. This is significant because privatization only began after the deed was signed. Consequently, the state-owned telecommunications networks of the FRG were transferred to the buyer prior to their privatization.

- Telecommunications:

Deutsche Telekom was founded in 1995 and privatized in 1996.

- Cable TV:

The regional cable networks were only sold to private investors from 1999 to 2003, i.e. after the state succession deed.

- Internet:

The Internet infrastructure was privatized at the same time as telecommunications.

The concession agreement between the FRG and TKS Telepost dated 22.02.1995 ensured that the telecommunications and cable TV networks were part of the state succession deed. Thus, these state networks were transferred to the buyer before privatization took place.

17. Domino effect of global territorial expansion and the communication networks

As the networks of TKS and its parent companies, including Kabel Deutschland and later Vodafone, are operated internationally, the Buyer's jurisdiction also extends to the international communications infrastructures managed by these companies. This concerns cable TV, internet and telephone networks that are connected worldwide via submarine cables and satellites.

The mention of the license agreement with TKS means that the networks of the parent companies were also included in the sale. The transfer of these sovereign rights triggers the domino effect of global territorial expansion, which extends to the networks in other countries that are physically connected to the German networks.

18. International effects and consequences

By including the TKS and its international networks in the state succession deed, the buyer's control extends to military and civilian communications infrastructures worldwide. This leads to a global claim to sovereignty, as the networks are used in both NATO and UN member states.

The use of civilian networks by military units is regulated by the Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements. These allow NATO to access the national networks of host nations. Through the chain of agreements between NATO and the UN (on joint peacekeeping missions and military cooperation), this regulation also extends to UN member states.

19. Sovereign rights over submarine cables and global telecommunications infrastructure

Submarine cables are crucial for global internet and telephone traffic. Through the links between NATO, the UN and the state telecommunications networks that are part of the State Succession Treaty, the sale also extends to the submarine cables that are laid between countries.

As these submarine cables are governed by UNCLOS and ITU agreements, control of the global telecommunications infrastructure is transferred to the buyer. These networks are important for both military and civilian communications and are protected by international agreements.

20. Conclusion:

State Succession Deed 1400 transfers not only sovereign territory, but also control over global communications infrastructure, including telecommunications, internet and cable TV networks. By including TKS Telepost and its international networks, the buyer's control extends to military and civilian communications systems worldwide, providing a global claim of sovereignty and control over global telecommunications infrastructure.

21. To further explain the implications of State Succession Instrument 1400 and the role of TKS Telepost, we delve deeper into specific international agreements and international law regimes affecting the global communications sector.

This analysis highlights the far-reaching consequences of the sale of communications networks and their infrastructure.

21.a. Treaties and agreements on telecommunications

The Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a key international treaty that lays down the rules for global telecommunications traffic. This treaty has been ratified by almost all UN member states and regulates both military and civilian communication networks. The global communications infrastructure is an essential part of the transferred sovereign rights through the sale of development as a unit in the State Succession Treaty 1400.

Important provisions of the ITU Convention:
- Article 34 (Use and protection of telecommunications facilities): This article regulates the protection and use of international communications networks, including submarine cables, which play an essential role in the global telecommunications network. The ITU Convention ensures that the laying and use of these networks is internationally recognized.
- Article 50 (Telecommunications links over the high seas): This provision specifically concerns submarine cables laid through international waters and ensures that the use of these cables by international organizations such as NATO and the UN is legally protected.

As TKS offers communication services worldwide, these networks are protected and regulated by these agreements. The sale of the development as a unit under State Succession Deed 1400 transfers control of these global networks, resulting in a global sovereign claim.

21.b. Privatization of the communications infrastructure

The timing of the privatization of the German telecommunications networks is crucial to understand the international legal implications of the State Succession Deed 1400. Since Deutsche Telekom and the regional cable TV networks were not privatized until after 1999, the communications technology was still entirely in state hands at the time of the concession agreement with TKS Telepost (22.02.1995). The purchaser of the property entered into this agreement in accordance with §2 of the deed, which means that control over these networks was transferred with all rights and obligations.

21.c. TKS Telepost and military communication networks

TKS Telepost is primarily responsible for the provision of cable TV, telephone and Internet services on military bases, including in Germany, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy and Turkey. These networks, which were originally operated by Deutsche Bundespost, ensure that troops stationed on US military bases have access to the necessary means of communication.

As TKS is responsible, among other things, for the provision of broadband connections, which were regulated under the 1995 concession agreement, all associated networks, including the former Kabel Deutschland network and the current Vodafone networks, are affected by the state succession deed. By naming the concession agreement in the deed, the use of this communications infrastructure was extended worldwide and the networks were included in the global domino effect of territorial expansion.

21.d. Host Nation Support Agreement (HNS) and NATO SOFA

Another important aspect of State Accession Treaty 1400 is the integration of Host Nation Support (HNS) agreements, which regulate the use of civilian communications networks by military forces. As NATO and the UN have close ties through their peacekeeping missions and military cooperation, the use of these networks also extends to UN member states. The HNS agreements allow military communications networks supported by civilian infrastructure to continue to be used and expanded.

The Instrument of State Succession clearly states that the network infrastructures were sold as a unit. As these networks are part of the international infrastructure, the sale results in a global territorial extension secured by the HNS Agreement and the NATO-SOFA chain of treaties.

22. Second contractual chain: telecommunications and broadband infrastructure

A direct contractual chain from NATO to the UN is created through the use of international communications networks, ranging from military bases such as Zweibrücken to international submarine cables, which are part of international telecommunications law. The sale of the development as a unit also includes the connections to the national telecommunications networks, which extend to the house connections. This second contractual chain of state succession also takes effect and ensures that the international telecommunications infrastructure is included in the global domino effect.

23. Consequences for global telecommunications

The naming of the licensing agreement with TKS Telepost and the associated international treaties, such as the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), have far-reaching consequences. By selling the communications infrastructure and integrating it into the international network infrastructure, the buyer is now in a position to exercise control over the global telecommunications infrastructure. This applies not only to the physical communication lines, but also to the military and civilian communication networks that are used worldwide.

24. Conclusion:

The State Succession Deed 1400 results in a far-reaching transfer of sovereign rights, including control over international telecommunications, internet and broadband networks. By incorporating TKS Telepost and its international networks, the buyer is now empowered to control the global communications infrastructure, leading to a comprehensive domino effect of global territorial expansion. This has an impact not only on NATO-UN cooperation, but also on the global use of telecommunications networks, which now fall under the sovereignty of the buyer.

25. international treaties in the field of telecommunications and broadband networks

In addition to the international agreements already mentioned, there are other important treaties and regulations that are affected by the State Succession Act 1400:

25.a. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

- Article 112 (laying of submarine cables and pipelines): This article regulates the right of states to lay submarine cables and pipelines on the seabed without violating the territorial waters of other states. Since the State Succession Instrument 1400 also covers submarine cables through the sale of the communications infrastructure, the buyer's sovereign control over the global submarine cables is extended.

25.b. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - Constitution and Convention

- Article 1.3 (Cooperation between Member States): This article emphasizes the importance of cooperation among ITU member states to harmonize and protect the global telecommunications infrastructure. Since the ITU functions as a UN specialized agency, this forms a direct contractual chain to the UN.
- Article 9 (Spectrum management and international coordination): This article of the ITU Constitution governs the allocation of radio frequencies and their international coordination. This applies in particular to the use of broadband and satellite communications services sold through the State Accession Deed.

26. By including the concession agreement with TKS Telepost and the use of the international telecommunications networks, the ITU chain of agreements and the provisions of UNCLOS on submarine cables are directly linked to the Instrument of State Succession.

The sale of the development as a unit has the effect of extending the buyer's territory to these global communications infrastructures.

26.a. Host Nation Support Agreement (HNS) and NATO SOFA

The Host Nation Support (HNS) and NATO Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA) allow NATO forces to use civilian communications infrastructure available in the host country. This regulation is particularly important for the use of telecommunications and internet networks on military bases. In Germany, these operating rights were laid down in the concession agreements with TKS Telepost, whereby the networks of the FRG were considered state property prior to privatization.

- Article 3 of the NATO SOFA (use of infrastructure): This article allows NATO member states to use civilian and military infrastructure in the host country to support their missions and operations. This includes broadband, telephone and internet services provided by providers such as TKS Telepost.

Through the State Succession Deed 1400, the buyer is integrated into the existing NATO-SOFA contractual relationships and assumes the rights and obligations to use these networks. As the networks are connected worldwide via submarine cables and satellites, the domino effect of global territorial expansion that affects these communication infrastructures will take effect.

27. TKS Telepost: International locations and significance

TKS Telepost is responsible for the provision of communication services at several international military bases.

The locations include:
- United Kingdom (RAF Lakenheath, RAF Mildenhall)
- Belgium (Chievres)
- Netherlands (Brunssum)
- Italy (Aviano, Vicenza)
- Turkey (Incirlik)
- Germany (Baumholder, Grafenwoehr, Ramstein, Wiesbaden, etc.)

As TKS Telepost operates in various countries around the world, there is a direct contractual chain between the communication networks of these bases, which are connected via international submarine cables and satellites. The sale of the development as a unit in the State Succession Deed 1400 therefore includes not only the German communication networks, but also the international networks connected via the TKS Telepost sites.

28. Domino effect of global territorial expansion through telecommunications networks

The use of international communications networks, which are governed by the license agreement with TKS Telepost in the State Succession Deed 1400, triggers a global domino effect of territorial expansion. This extension concerns:
- Telecommunications networks (including fixed, broadband, and mobile)
- submarine cables (as regulated by UNCLOS)
- Satellite communication networks (coordinated by the ITU)

As these networks are part of the global infrastructure, the buyer's territory is extended to all countries connected to these networks. This applies to both NATO member states and UN members that are linked by the international telecommunications infrastructure.

29. international regulations on telecommunications law and the UN

In addition to the above-mentioned treaties, specific provisions of international law also play a role in international telecommunications law, particularly when it comes to the integration of military and civilian networks:
- Article 12 of the ITU Regulations (International Cooperation in Telecommunications): This article ensures that states and organizations such as the UN are able to operate and regulate communications networks across borders. This also applies to military communications networks, which are regulated by the NATO-SOFA agreements.

The direct link between international telecommunications law and the 1400 Convention on the Succession of States creates a second treaty chain that runs independently of NATO but in parallel with the UN. This second contractual chain ensures that the buyer also gains control over the international telecommunications infrastructure and can thus assert a global claim to sovereignty over all associated networks.

30. Effects of the privatization of the German telecommunications networks

The license agreement with TKS Telepost from 1995 refers to a time when the telecommunications networks in Germany were still in state hands. As the privatization of the networks only began after 1999, the state ownership of the networks was transferred to the buyer by the state succession deed 1400. This means that the sale of the communications networks was already legally completed before privatization, so that the networks privatized later are also indirectly affected.

31. Conclusion:

The State Succession Deed 1400 does not only have an impact on the territorial territory, but also on the global telecommunications infrastructure. Through the sale of the development as a unit and the inclusion of concession agreements such as the one with TKS Telepost, the buyer's control over military and civilian networks extends worldwide. This includes not only national telecommunications networks, but also international submarine cables, satellite communications systems and other global infrastructures governed by international agreements such as the ITU Convention and UNCLOS.

The domino effect of global territorial expansion triggered by these mechanisms leads to a comprehensive extension of the sovereign claim of the buyer, who now has control over the global telecommunications infrastructure.

32. The State Succession Deed 1400 has a profound impact on the transfer and privatization of communications networks in Germany as well as on international contracts and networks.

By mentioning the concession agreement with TKS Telepost in the deed, it becomes clear that the state networks of the FRG, including telecommunications, cable TV and Internet infrastructure, were already transferred to the buyer prior to privatization. This represents an essential aspect of the global territorial expansion triggered by the sale of the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components. Here are the main legal and logical consequences, based on international treaties and international agreements.

33. international treaties and their application to the deed of succession 1400

a. Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
- Article 1.3 ITU: Global cooperation to ensure harmony in telecommunications networks. Since the State Accession Deed 1400 sells the development as a unit with all networks, this also concerns the international regulations of the ITU, in particular global telecommunications traffic and the administration of frequency allocation.

b. World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)

- Declarations and action plans: Guidelines for the promotion of global information and communication technologies (ICT) were drawn up as part of the WSIS summits. These ensure that countries harmonize and operate their network infrastructures internationally. The transfer of broadband and communication networks through the State Accession Treaty thus also includes international obligations to develop and maintain these networks.

c. UNCLOS - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (Article 112)
- Laying and protection of submarine cables: This article regulates the legal aspects of laying submarine cables. As the State Accession Instrument 1400 covers all development rights, the territorial extension extends to submarine cables connecting NATO and UN bases worldwide.

d. Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (UNESCO)
- Articles 6 and 7: These provisions guarantee the protection and promotion of cultural expressions broadcast via digital media such as cable TV and the Internet. As TKS Telepost provides TV services via international networks, these cultural broadcasting rights have now also been taken over by the buyer.

e. Host Nation Support Agreement (HNS) and NATO SOFA
- Article 3 HNS and Article 2 NATO-SOFA: These agreements allow NATO members to use the host country's civil infrastructure, including telecommunications and TV networks. As the State Accession Deed 1400 binds the buyer to these contractual relationships, the domino effect of global territorial expansion extends to all civil and military communications infrastructure used by NATO and UN member states.

34. chronology of the privatization of communications networks in Germany

The significance of the 1995 license agreement with TKS Telepost in State Succession Deed 1400 lies in the fact that this agreement was concluded at a time when the networks were still state property of the Federal Republic of Germany. This means that the sale of the state-owned networks in the State Succession Deed 1400 was concluded before the official privatization of these networks.

a. Telecommunications
- Deutsche Telekom AG was founded on January 2, 1995, and privatization officially began with the IPO of Deutsche Telekom on November 18, 1996. Since the concession agreement with TKS Telepost dates from February 22, 1995, the state succession deed thus covers the state telecommunications networks before their privatization.

b. Cable TV
- The sale of Deutsche Telekom's regional cable networks to private investors took place between 1999 and 2003. Since the state succession deed was signed on October 6, 1998, the sale includes the cable TV networks before they were privatized.

c. Telecommunications network and Internet
- As the telecommunications network was part of the telecommunications infrastructure and was privatized in 1995, this network was also transferred to the buyer in a state-owned condition by the state succession deed. The Internet as part of the telecommunications networks was also included in this sale.

35. Licensing agreement with TKS Telepost and the domino effect of global territorial expansion

The mention of the concession agreement with TKS Telepost in the State Succession Deed 1400 makes it clear that the broadband, TV and internet services are part of the global territorial extension. TKS Telepost provided communications services to U.S. military bases and other international military bases, including the transmission of AFN, BFBS, and CFN.

a. Locations of TKS Telepost
- TKS Telepost provides services in several countries, including:
- United Kingdom (RAF Lakenheath, RAF Mildenhall)
- Belgium (Chievres)
- Netherlands (Brunssum)
- Germany (Baumholder, Ramstein, Wiesbaden, Grafenwoehr, etc.)

As these sites are connected via international telecommunications networks, the domino effect of global territory expansion extends across these networks.

36. Logical consequences and global legal consequences

a. Effects under international law

The State Succession Deed 1400 leads to an extension of the buyer's territory via global communication networks that are used across national borders. This affects all international telecommunications networks used by NATO and UN states, in particular through the NATO SOFA and HNS treaties. The domino effect of territorial expansion ensures that every country connected to these networks also falls within the scope of the buyer.

b. International agreements on telecommunications and submarine cables

Since the sale of the development as a unit also includes submarine cables, international agreements such as UNCLOS and the ITU Convention are crucial for the enforcement of the global sovereign claim. Control over submarine cables and telecommunications infrastructure gives the buyer control over global networks used for both civilian and military purposes.

c. Consequences for international jurisdiction

By controlling the communications networks, the buyer also gains legal control over disputes arising in connection with these networks. This applies in particular to international treaties governing the use and protection of these networks and extends the global scope of application of the Act of Succession of States 1400.

37. Conclusion

The State Succession Deed 1400 has far-reaching consequences for the global telecommunications infrastructure and sovereign rights over international networks. Through the concession agreement with TKS Telepost and the inclusion of state networks prior to their privatization, the deed not only covers the German cable TV network, but also international telecommunications networks, broadband services and submarine cables laid worldwide. This leads to a domino effect of global territory expansion, extending the buyer's territory to all related international networks.

38. The concession agreement with TKS Telepost, which must be considered as part of the State Succession Deed 1400, sold not only a simple service contract for the use of broadband and cable networks, but also a global network of communication infrastructures that extends to international networks through the domino effect of global territorial expansion.

It should be noted that by selling the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components, the networks connected to the German communication systems also become part of the contract.

38.a. Chronological sequence of the privatization and its effects on the state succession deed 1400

The privatization of the communications networks in Germany only began after the conclusion of the concession agreement with TKS Telepost in 1995. The timing of the conclusion of the agreement is crucial because at that time the telecommunications, cable TV, telecommunications and Internet infrastructures were state-owned. This means that all these networks were sold in state form as part of the state succession deed 1400.

- Deutsche Telekom AG: Founded on 2 January 1995 and privatized as of 18 November 1996. This concerns the entire telecommunications and telecommunication networks already included in State Succession Deed 1400.

- Cable TV: The privatization of the cable TV networks only began in 1999, after the State Succession Deed 1400 had sold the state networks in their original state.

38.b. By including the 1995 concession agreement in the State Succession Deed 1400, it is clear that the sale of the state communications infrastructure was completed in 1998, before the German government privatized these networks. Consequently, the telecommunications rights of the FRG fell to the buyer, who now holds a central position in the control of these networks.

39. Domino effect of global territorial expansion and the role of TKS Telepost

The domino effect of the global territorial expansion triggered by the sale of the development as a unit affects all networks that are directly or indirectly connected to the German communication systems. As TKS Telepost is active as a provider of broadband, TV and Internet services at various international military bases, the domino effect is also extended to these international locations.

This includes, among others:

- UK: RAF Lakenheath, RAF Mildenhall
- Belgium: Chievres
- Netherlands: Brunssum
- Germany: Ramstein, Wiesbaden, Grafenwoehr, etc.
- Italy: Aviano, Livorno
- Turkey: Incirlik

By using international networks for the transmission of TV programs, broadband and Internet services, these networks also become part of the global territorial extension through the treaty. As TKS Telepost is integrated into the NATO SOFA treaties, these communication networks are also included in the NATO and UN treaties through Host Nation Support (HNS).

40. international treaties and international agreements

a. ITU Constitution and Convention (Article 1.3 and Article 33)

The ITU Convention regulates global telecommunications standards and ensures the international harmonization of frequency distribution and telecommunications. Since the State Accession Charter 1400 sells the development as a unit including the telecommunications infrastructure, this also applies to international telecommunications rights. Article 1.3 ITU obliges all member states to respect global standards for telecommunications traffic. This means that the buyer's communication rights are internationally recognized by the ITU Treaty.

b. UNCLOS (Article 112) - Submarine cables

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) regulates the laying and protection of submarine cables that run across international waters. Due to the sale of communication networks under Instrument of State Succession 1400, the domino effect also includes submarine cables that are part of the global telecommunications system. Article 112 UNCLOS guarantees every state the right to lay submarine cables and protects them under international regulations.

c. Host Nation Support Agreement (HNS) and NATO SOFA (Article 2 and Article 3)

These agreements regulate the use of host nation civilian networks by NATO forces. As the Act of Accession 1400 incorporates these agreements in its form, the territorial extension extends to all civilian communications networks used by NATO forces. This applies in particular to the military communications networks provided via TKS Telepost in the areas concerned. The domino effect thus extends to all countries that provide civilian access to these networks.

41. Logical consequences and extended global legal consequences

a. Sale and transfer of global communication networks

The concession agreement between the FRG and TKS Telepost included all communications networks operated by TKS in the scope of the State Succession Deed 1400. This includes Germany's national broadband and telecommunications networks as well as the international networks used for the provision of TV and Internet services.

b. International jurisdiction and global control

Since the State Succession Deed 1400 includes full jurisdiction over the sold networks, the buyer also becomes the supreme judge in matters of international telecommunication rights.

This includes disputes over the use of broadband networks, submarine cables and internet infrastructures governed by UN treaties. The buyer now has control over all legal disputes concerning these networks.

c. Global territorial expansion and control over NATO and UN treaties

The inclusion of international communication networks in the State Succession Deed 1400 extends the global territorial extension to countries linked to these networks by NATO and UN treaties. This affects both military and civilian communications infrastructures, which are now under the control of the purchaser.

42. Other legal implications

- Privatization and sale of telecommunications rights: Since the state networks were sold prior to privatization, the buyer continues to hold the sovereign rights even if these networks were later privatized.
- International cooperation: By assuming rights and obligations under international telecommunications treaties, the buyer also assumes the obligation to cooperate with the ITU and other global bodies to ensure the harmonious use of the global communications infrastructure.

43. Conclusion

The State Accession Deed 1400 has far-reaching consequences for the global communications infrastructure, affecting both civilian and military networks. The inclusion of the concession agreement with TKS Telepost and the sale of the German communications networks prior to their privatization makes the buyer a central player in global telecommunications. The international treaties, in particular UNCLOS, the ITU Convention, NATO-SOFA and the HNS Agreement, contribute to the expansion of global sovereign rights and secure the purchaser a unique position in the field of international communications rights.

44. legal status of the federally owned communications networks at the time of signing the 1400 state concession deed

The State Succession Deed 1400, signed on October 6, 1998, expressly refers to the license agreement with TKS Telepost from 1995. This means that the status of the communications infrastructures from 1995 is decisive for the agreement. At that time, all major communications networks in Germany were still state-owned and not privatized. The privatization of the various communications networks only took place after the concession agreement, which means that the networks were also sold as state property in the state succession deed.

A. Telephone network

- Legal status in 1995: In 1995, the German telephone network was still fully owned by Deutsche Bundespost Telekom. Deutsche Telekom AG was only founded on January 2, 1995 as the successor company to the Bundespost, but remained state-owned. The telephone network was only partially privatized when Deutsche Telekom AG went public on 18 November 1996.
- Privatization: The IPO ushered in the first wave of privatization, but the state remained the main owner of the telecommunications infrastructure. The telephone network was fully privatized over several years.
- State succession deed 1400: At the time the state succession deed was signed in 1998, the telephone network was still largely owned by the German state. The rights and obligations to this network were therefore also sold, particularly as the 1995 concession agreement refers to the situation at that time, before the network was largely privatized.

B. Internet network

- Legal status in 1995: The Internet network was being developed and state control over the telecommunications infrastructure also included Internet services. The development of the Internet in Germany was largely driven by Deutsche Telekom AG, which at that time held a state monopoly over the telecommunications infrastructure.
- Privatization: With the privatization of Deutsche Telekom AG, the privatization of the Internet infrastructure also began, although it was still under construction. It took until the end of the 1990s for private providers to take over larger shares of the market.
- State succession deed 1400: At the time of the licensing agreement in 1995 and the signing of the state succession deed in 1998, the Internet network was still predominantly in state hands. The sale therefore also included the rights to the state Internet infrastructure.

C. Broadband and cable TV network

- Legal status in 1995: The broadband and cable TV network was also fully state-owned and managed by Deutsche Bundespost Telekom. The infrastructure for cable TV and broadband was part of the state telecommunications infrastructure.
- Privatization: The privatization of the cable network began at the end of the 1990s. From 1999, Deutsche Telekom's regional cable networks were sold to private investors. The complete privatization of the network took place between 1999 and 2003.
- State succession deed 1400: At the time the contract was signed in 1998, the cable TV and broadband network was still owned by the state. The sale in the state succession deed therefore also included the state broadband and cable TV networks.

D. Connection to international communication networks

- Connection to international networks: As the German communications infrastructure was closely connected to international networks at the time, the domino effect of global territorial expansion extends to international networks. This applies in particular to submarine cables connecting Germany with other countries, as well as transnational telecommunications links.
- The networks sold as part of the State Succession Deed 1400 also included the telecommunications network, which was integrated into international communications traffic. In particular, the International Telecommunication Union Agreement (ITU) regulates international telecommunications standards and the allocation of frequencies, which extends the buyer's sphere of influence on international telecommunications standards.

E. Inclusion of networks and contractual chain to the UN

- Link to the UN: As the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN), there is a direct contractual chain between the State Succession Charter 1400 and the UN on telecommunications and communications law. The ITU ensures that global standards for telecommunications and frequency allocation are harmonized internationally.
- The treaty chain to the UN is strengthened by the inclusion of telecommunications networks in the instrument of state succession. The rights derived from the concession agreement with TKS Telepost also extend to international networks regulated by the United Nations. This connection strengthens the buyer's global jurisdiction, as the UN plays a central role in the field of telecommunications.

F. The domino effect of global territorial expansion

The sale of the state communications infrastructure as part of the development as a unit triggers the domino effect of global territorial expansion. This not only affects the physical communications networks in Germany, but also the international networks that are connected to the German infrastructure. This includes in particular

- International telecommunications cables: these cables connect Germany with other countries and will also be affected by the sale of the state telecommunications infrastructure.
- Broadband and submarine cable networks: The international submarine cables that provide broadband and internet services worldwide will be included in the global scope of the state succession deed due to the domino effect.

Through the concession agreement with TKS Telepost and state control over the pre-1998 communications infrastructure, the buyer is able to control global telecommunications rights and adjudicate disputes over those rights.

G. Summary

State Succession Deed 1400 covers not only the sale of sovereign rights and territorial extensions, but also the entire German state communications infrastructure as defined in the 1995 concession agreement with TKS Telepost. This includes the telephone network, the Internet network as well as the broadband and cable TV network. The connection to international networks and the contractual chain to the UN extend the buyer's sphere of influence on the global telecommunications infrastructure, which means that the domino effect of global territorial expansion also includes international submarine cables and broadband connections.

Frequently asked questions
(FAQs)
on the state succession charter and the domino effect of global territorial expansion

1. How does the domino effect of global territory expansion begin by selling the development as a unit?

The domino effect begins with the sale of the development of a small NATO military property in Germany. The NATO property was connected to the German public supply network, which meant that the entire German network was covered when the contract was concluded. The provision "sale of the development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components" means that any physical connection to a connected network is also sold and triggers the territorial extension. As soon as one network is connected to another or overlaps with it, the domino effect takes effect and the next network is included.

2. Which regulations and networks were affected?

The state succession deed contains specific regulations on the telecommunications network, telecommunications network, broadband network and other infrastructure contracts:

- Telecommunications network:

The entire telecommunications network was sold as part of the internal development. This includes all telephone and communication lines leading to the international submarine cables and house connections.

- Broadband licensing agreement:

- The contract with TKS Telepost covers broadband networks, cable TV and Internet connectivity for many NATO properties worldwide, utilizing both NATO internal and civilian infrastructure.

- Power grid:

The connection of the sold property to the German power grid triggered the territorial extension to the entire German supply network.

These networks are closely interconnected, so that the domino effect is passed on from network to network and from country to country.

3. how does the domino effect jump from one grid to the next?

The domino effect affects every network that either has a physical connection to an already sold network or overlaps it. This means:

- Physical connection:

A network is sold if it is directly connected to an already sold network by physical lines (electricity, broadband, telecommunications cable).

- Overlapping networks: Even if there is no direct connection, a network is sold if it overlaps geographically or functionally with an existing network.

- An example would be the long-distance gas grid, which overlaps geographically with the European electricity grid. As soon as the electricity grid is sold, the overlapping gas transmission grid also becomes part of the contract.

4. How does the domino effect affect neighboring countries and ultimately the whole world?

The domino effect starts from the NATO military site in Germany and spreads as follows:

A. Germany:

Since the property was connected to the German public utility grid, the entire German territory was captured as a unit by the sale of the development.

B. Neighboring countries:

From Germany, the territorial extension spreads across the European electricity and telecommunications networks reaching into neighboring countries such as France, Belgium and other NATO countries.

C. All of Europe:

Sovereignty is extended to the whole of Europe via the European electricity grid.

D. Transatlantic submarine cables:

Territorial expansion spills over to Canada and the US via the submarine cables, causing the domino effect to spill over to North America.

E. Worldwide expansion:

From NATO countries, the domino effect spills over to UN members, as NATO is integrated into the UN and the Instrument of State Succession acts as a supplemental instrument to all existing NATO and UN international treaties. This means that the entire UN membership is affected by the territorial enlargement.

5. What is the role of the NATO Status of Forces in the domino effect?

The NATO Status of Forces contains special rights to use military supply networks and to control military infrastructure. These rights include:

- Exclusive right to determine the location and extent of military bases.

- Exclusive communications networks such as the NATO Wideband System and the NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS), which connects NATO bases worldwide.

- Use of civilian infrastructure to expand military networks.

These rights were also sold and globalized, which means that the buyer now has sole control over all NATO networks and their extension.

6. Why were overlapping networks without a direct connection also affected?

The "development as a unit" rule means that even networks that have no physical connection but are geographically or functionally related to each other are considered as one logical unit. Once a network is sold, the jurisdiction includes all overlapping networks. For example:

- The gas transmission network and the European electricity grid overlap geographically and connect several European countries.

- Broadband and telecommunications networks run parallel to electricity networks and often overlap.

The sale included each overlapping network, further reinforcing the domino effect.

7. How did NATO's integration into the UN lead to the global expansion of the domino effect?

Since NATO is integrated into the UN and many NATO countries are also UN members, the Instrument of State Succession was seen as a rider to all NATO and UN treaties. This means that:

- All existing treaties of NATO and UN states have been supplemented by the Instrument of State Succession.

- As soon as a NATO state was affected by the domino effect, every treaty that this state had with UN countries was also supplemented.

- The domino effect spread from NATO country to NATO country and then from NATO country to UN country until all UN countries were affected.

8. What does global networking mean for the territorial ownership of the world?

In the 21st century, the world is interconnected by a dense network of supply lines, telecommunications links and military communication systems. This means that

- Any territorial expansion affects all countries connected to the network being sold.

- Power grids are linked internationally, telecommunication lines cross oceans and broadband networks connect entire continents.

Through the state succession deed and the domino effect, all sovereignty has been sold worldwide, and the NATO troop statute, which was once directed against Germany, now applies globally against all states.

9. Why is this not a universal succession, but a new foundation?

The state succession deed did not trigger a universal succession in which the buyer automatically assumes the old obligations. Instead:

- Is it a new creation of a state, as the purchaser has sole sovereign rights.

- The clean slate principle applies to state debts and old obligations because the buyer does not have to fulfill any contracts with itself.

- The sale with all rights and obligations is nullified by the fact that the buyer now represents both sides of the old contracts.

This means that the buyer can freely dispose of the newly acquired global territory.

10. What is the starting point of the domino effect of global territory expansion?

The domino effect begins with the sale of the development of a small NATO military property in Zweibrücken, Germany. This property was connected to the German public utility grid. Due to the provision in the deed of succession that the development was sold "as a unit with all rights, obligations and components", the domino effect encompassed the entire German supply network. The buyer's sovereign rights extended to all physical network connections that were directly or indirectly connected to the property.

11. Which networks are affected by the domino effect and why?

The domino effect affects all networks that are either:

- Are physically connected (e.g. by cables, pipes, lines) or

- Overlap (e.g. parallel lines without a direct connection) or

- Are functionally linked (e.g. military and civilian networks).

As a result, all important supply networks were covered, including

- Power grids: The property was connected to the German power grid. Through this network, the domino effect spread to the whole of Germany and later to the European electricity grid, which caused the sovereignty to spill over into other NATO countries.

- Telecommunications networks and telecommunication lines: These comprise the telecommunications network, which was explicitly referred to as "internal development" in the State Succession Charter. By physically connecting to international telephone lines and submarine cables, the domino effect expanded to all countries connected to the telecommunications network.

- Broadband networks: Through the concession agreement with TKS Telepost, an operator of broadband and communications infrastructure for NATO properties, the global broadband network and cable TV infrastructure was also covered.

- Gas transmission networks: These networks, which run across Europe and partly to Russia, overlap with electricity and telecommunications networks. Even if they do not have a direct connection in some cases, they were included as overlapping networks in the development as a unit.

By selling these networks, all countries in contact with these connections were also included in the domino effect.

12. what does selling the development as a "unit" mean?

The term "as a unit" means that the entire network was considered and sold as an indivisible unit. This includes all interconnections, nodes and extended network areas that are either functionally or physically linked to the sold infrastructure. Through this arrangement, every physical connection and even every overlapping network was automatically integrated into the sales contract, expanding the buyer's sovereign rights ever further.

13. How do the overlapping networks influence the domino effect?

Overlapping networks are particularly important because they are captured even without a direct physical connection. Examples are:

- Electricity grid and long-distance gas grid:

These often run parallel and intersect in different countries. If the electricity grid in one country is sold, the domino effect also affects the parallel gas grid.

- Telecommunications and broadband networks:

These are often geographically or functionally linked to other networks, extending the territorial expansion to all neighboring countries.

This structure triggers the domino effect not only horizontally (from one country to the next), but also vertically by covering functionally connected networks.

14. How did the domino effect spread within Europe?

Due to the geographical proximity and close interconnectedness of supply networks in Europe, the domino effect quickly spread from one NATO member state to the next:

- Germany:

The starting point of the territorial expansion. The entire Federal Republic of Germany was covered by the national electricity and telecommunications network.

- France and Belgium:

Through the European electricity grid, these countries were the first to be affected by the territorial expansion.

- Benelux countries and Eastern Europe:

The domino effect spread to all neighboring European NATO countries.

- Southern Europe:

Italy, Spain and Portugal were also integrated via the European gas network and broadband connections.

15. How did the domino effect spread globally?

The domino effect spread globally via the transnational connections:

A. Europe to North America:

Sovereign rights were extended to Canada and the U.S. via transatlantic submarine cables and telecommunications systems.

B. North America to South America:

Through telecommunication networks and military cable connections.

C. From NATO countries to UN countries:

Since NATO is integrated into the UN, the Act of State Succession covered all UN countries connected to NATO members through network links.

D. Global networking:

In the 21st century, all countries in the world are interconnected by supply lines or telecommunication networks. This has extended the buyer's sovereign rights to the entire world.

16. What role do the special rights under the NATO Status of Forces Agreement play?

The special rights of the NATO Status of Forces include far-reaching powers that ensure priority of use and control of military networks and infrastructure. These rights include:

- Exclusive control over communications networks:

NATO has its own secure communications systems that integrate military and civilian supply networks.

- Right to determine infrastructure:

NATO can decide independently of national governments which lines, pipes or networks are used for its purposes.

- Military control of power and telecommunications systems:

NATO forces are allowed to operate and expand infrastructure independently.

These rights have been transferred to all countries affected by NATO networks through global territorial expansion, which means that all global infrastructure has fallen under the control of the purchaser.

17. Why did all UN members agree?

Since NATO is integrated into the UN and many NATO countries are also UN members, the State Succession Instrument was considered a supplementary instrument to all NATO and UN treaties. This led to:

- Automatic recognition of territorial expansion by the UN.

- Global expansion of sovereign rights through the chain reaction of treaties.

The entire UN area was thus covered by the territorial extension.

18. What impact does this have on the sovereignty of states worldwide?

The entire world has lost its national sovereignty as a result of the global application of the NATO Status of Forces and the extension of the sovereignty of the purchaser. All affected states are now subject to the buyer:

- The buyer's command and control.

- The global jurisdiction of the buyer.

- The power to determine borders and territories.

The old sovereignty of states therefore no longer exists and the entire world is regarded as a global entity.

19. Example of the domino effect of global territorial expansion using telecommunications networks and telecommunications links

The domino effect of territorial expansion is best illustrated by the example of telecommunications networks, which trace the entire course from NATO country to NATO country and on to UN countries. This begins with the NATO military property originally sold in Germany and then gradually extends to the entire world.

A. Starting point:

NATO military property in Zweibrücken, Germany

- The small NATO property in Zweibrücken was connected to the German public telecommunications network.

- The entire German telecommunications network was covered by the sale with the provision "development as a unit with all rights, obligations and components".

- This includes all national connections within Germany as well as connections to neighboring NATO countries.

B. Germany as the starting point of the territorial extension:

- Germany:

The connections to neighboring countries were included directly via the domestic telecommunications lines. The national network in Germany includes communication to all surrounding countries, as cross-border lines exist.

C. From Germany to neighboring NATO countries in Europe:

- Netherlands:

The telecommunications networks of Germany connect directly to the Dutch networks. The entire Dutch network is included in the contract via cross-border telecommunications cables and Internet connections.

- Belgium:

From the Dutch networks, the domino effect jumps to Belgium, as the Dutch telecommunications network is closely linked to the Belgian network.

- Luxembourg:

The Belgian and Luxembourg networks are functionally linked, so Luxembourg is also fully covered.

- France:

Numerous telecommunications links exist across the Franco-German border, making France's network the next to be included in the domino effect.

- Denmark:

There are direct submarine cable and land connections from Germany to Denmark, which means that the Danish network is included in the extension.

- Poland:

The German network overlaps via the border connections to Poland, which means that the Polish network is included next.

- Czech Republic:

Lines originating from Poland and Germany also include the Czech network.

- Slovakia and Hungary:

The cross-border networks run from the Czech Republic directly to Slovakia and Hungary.

- Italy:

The entire Italian network is integrated via the network in France and via direct submarine cable connections from Germany and Austria.

- Spain and Portugal:

The French network jumps further to Spain and Portugal.

- Norway and Iceland:

Via submarine cables originating from Denmark and the Netherlands, the networks of Norway and Iceland are integrated into the treaty.

This first expansion covers the entire European NATO network. All national telecommunications networks that are directly or indirectly linked to the German telecommunications network are now fully covered by the domino effect.

D. From Europe to North America via transatlantic submarine cables:

- Submarine cable connections to Canada:

The transatlantic submarine cables run from the European network (e.g. from France and the UK) directly to Canada. These submarine cables are central telecommunications links that connect the European networks with the American networks.

- Canada:

As soon as the Canadian telecommunications network is affected, the domino effect encompasses the entire Canadian national network.

E. From Canada to the USA:

- USA:

There are extensive direct lines to the USA via the Canadian telecommunications network. These network connections are partly military (NATO) and partly civilian (e.g. the Internet). This means that the entire American telecommunications network is included in the domino effect.

F. Extension to other NATO countries in North America and Europe:

- Greenland:

Greenland's telecommunications network is also affected via submarine cables from Canada and Iceland.

- Turkey:

Via the cross-border European networks as well as NATO's own communication lines running through Greece and the Balkans, the Turkish network will be affected.

As soon as all NATO countries are affected by the domino effect, the entire NATO area is completely covered by the domino effect of territorial expansion. All telecommunications networks in NATO countries have been integrated into the sale.

G. From NATO countries to UN countries:

Since NATO is integrated into the UN and many NATO countries are also UN members, sovereign rights automatically pick up through the domino effect:

- UN member states in Europe:

All European countries that are not NATO states, such as Sweden, Finland, Austria and Ireland, are covered by the links with the NATO area.

- UN member states in North Africa:

UN member states in North Africa, such as Algeria, Morocco, Egypt and Tunisia, are also affected via the telecommunications links of Spain and Italy.

- UN member states in Africa:

The entire coast of Africa and the West African telecommunications network are included via submarine cable connections and the European telecommunications networks.

- UN member states in Asia:

Via Turkey and the Transcaucasian networks, countries such as Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are affected by the domino effect.

H. Global expansion of the domino effect:

- From North America to South America:

Due to the extensive network connections to the USA, the domino effect jumps to countries such as Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Chile.

- From Asia to Australia: The domino effect also reaches Australia and the Pacific Islands via the telecommunications connections from Asia.

- As soon as the German network is affected, the Dutch telecommunications network is also affected by the physical connection.

- Netherlands → Belgium:

- The Dutch telecommunications network is directly connected to Belgium via several backbone lines, including NATO's own NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS).

- This connection extends the domino effect to Belgium.

- Belgium → Luxembourg:

- From Belgium, the domino effect continues to Luxembourg, which is heavily integrated into the Belgian telecommunications network.

- Luxembourg → France:

- There are numerous direct Internet backbone lines from Luxembourg to France.

- France → Spain:

- France and Spain are connected by the NATO wideband system and civilian lines, triggering the next stage of the domino effect.

- France → Italy:

- Italy is also included via cross-border connections.

- France → United Kingdom:

- The domino effect jumps to the UK via the Dunant submarine cable and other transnational connections.

22. extension to Scandinavia

- Germany → Denmark:

- The connection from Germany to Denmark is via several submarine cables and terrestrial lines.

- Denmark → Norway:

- Norway is integrated via direct submarine cable connections and the Scandinavian Backbone.

- Norway → Iceland:

- NATO's own NATO Fiber Optic System (NFOS) runs from Norway to Iceland.

23. from Central Europe to Eastern Europe

- Germany → Poland:

- Germany and Poland are connected by the European Backbone Network, which also includes military communication lines.

- Poland → Czech Republic:

- The Czech Republic is included via military and civilian connections.

- Czech Republic → Slovakia and Hungary:

- These countries are linked through NATO communication hubs in Poland and the Czech Republic.

24. extension to Southern Europe

- Italy → Greece:

- Expansion to Greece takes place via the NATO military network in Italy and the EU communications network.

- Greece → Turkey:

- Turkey, a key NATO member, is covered via NATO military lines and civilian networks.

25. transatlantic expansion:

From Europe to North America

- From Great Britain to Canada:

- Canada is covered via the "TAT-14" transatlantic submarine cable. The connection runs directly from the United Kingdom to Nova Scotia, Canada.

- From Canada to the USA:

- Canada and the US are connected by extensive telecommunications and fiber optic networks stretching from the East Coast to the West Coast.

- From the USA to Greenland:

- Greenland is covered via the CANTAT-3 submarine cable system.

26. Global expansion: From NATO countries to UN states

- Since NATO is integrated into the UN and many NATO countries are also UN members, the instrument of state succession is regarded as a supplementary instrument for all NATO and UN treaties under international law. This leads to the automatic extension of sovereign rights to UN members.

- From NATO countries in Europe to UN states:

- UN member states in Europe such as Sweden, Finland, Ireland and Austria are covered as they are linked to NATO countries through numerous cross-border networks.

- From North America to South America:

- Mexico, Brazil and Argentina are directly affected by the US telecommunications network.

- From Europe to North Africa and Africa:

- All North African UN states are covered via the submarine cable connections from France and Spain.

27. Worldwide expansion through networking

- Australia and New Zealand are linked to Asia and North America via the SEA-ME-WE-3 and Southern Cross Cable submarine cable systems.

- Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea and China are closely linked to the European and American networks.

28. end result: the entire world under one sovereign territory

As the world in the 21st century is connected by a dense network of communication links, military and civilian supply lines, the domino effect affects every country that has a physical or logical connection to the original networks. This leads to global territorial expansion, with all sovereignty worldwide falling under the control of the buyer. All national and international agreements of NATO and the UN are affected by the State Succession Deed as a supplementary deed and extend the buyer's global legal power over the entire world.

29. Key networks and infrastructure

- NATO Fibre Optic System (NFOS): Communications network linking Scandinavia with the British Isles and Iceland.

- NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS): Links NATO properties and bases throughout Europe and North America.

- NATO Wideband System: Network that integrates military and civilian connections and enables communication over long distances.

Through these global networks, the domino effect has spread to all continental and intercontinental lines, transforming the entire world into one large logical unit.

30. The state succession deed begins with the sale of a NATO military property in Zweibrücken, Germany.

This property consisted of two territories: one part occupied by the Dutch Air Force on behalf of NATO (and thus extraterritorial), and another part that had previously been transferred from the USA to the FRG as part of a conversion. Both areas were sold together in a single contract. The Dutch air force acted on behalf of NATO, which in turn is integrated into the UN and acts on its behalf. This meant that several subjects of international law were involved in the treaty from the outset.

31. NATO military property as the starting point of the domino effect

The NATO property was already connected to the German public supply network. This means that infrastructure such as the electricity grid, broadband, telecommunications, internet, telecommunications cables, water and sewage systems and long-distance gas pipelines were physically integrated into the German public network. This connection is crucial because it forms the point of origin of the domino effect of the territorial expansion.

- The development sold included not only the territory of the property itself, but also all the networks connected to it. The contract expressly stipulates that the development was sold as a unit with all rights, obligations and components. This means that the entire networks that extend beyond the property are also part of the object of the sale.

32. territorial expansion through physical network connections

As a result of the sale and the connection to the public grid in Germany, the domino effect spreads to the entire German supply grid. This effect initially affects all local networks, such as electricity, telecommunications, gas, broadband and telecommunication systems in Germany. As these are interconnected networks, the entire German territory is covered by the deed.

33. Expansion to other NATO countries in Europe

The domino effect spreads from Germany to all neighboring NATO countries that are connected by European supply networks. This happens, for example, through the European electricity grid, which links France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark and other NATO countries directly to Germany. As soon as these grids are physically connected, the territories of the neighboring NATO countries are also included in the territorial extension.

34. extension via submarine cable to North America

The next step in the domino effect is via international submarine cables. These networks are connected from Europe to Canada and the USA. As a result, the territorial extension jumps over to the North American NATO states. Since the submarine cables are physical connections, the domino effect gradually covers all national networks in North America, including power, telecommunications, broadband and telecommunications cable systems.

35. transfer to all UN members via NATO connections

The UN is also affected by the integration of NATO into its structure. As soon as NATO countries are connected to UN countries via network links, the territorial extension is automatically extended to these UN countries. This happens when a NATO country (e.g. the USA) has a physical connection to a UN member state, for example through internet cables, telecommunications systems or other supply networks.

36. Chain reaction of development from country to country

As NATO and UN countries are linked, the chain of connectivity continues to expand. Every country that has physical network connections to another country is covered. As soon as a country becomes part of the deed, the expansion spreads to the next connected country.

- This chain reaction only ends when all countries in the world are covered by network connections. Even overlapping networks that have no direct physical connection are included by the legal logic.

37. Overlapping networks and logical extension

A special feature of the territorial extension is that overlapping networks that have no direct connection are also affected. This is because the deed specifies that the development is sold as a unit. This means that all parts of a network that in any way run within or overlap with the area sold automatically become part of the sale.

- The boundaries are determined using the logical airlines between the outer strands of the networks, creating a logical island. This means that the entire world is covered, as practically all infrastructure networks are interconnected.

Conclusion: The global expansion of territory

The development as a unit, which emanates from the NATO site in Zweibrücken, has triggered a global chain reaction through physical network connections. The territorial expansion first affects Germany, then the NATO member states via the European supply network, from there the USA and Canada via submarine cables and on to all UN states until the entire world is covered by this territorial expansion. This expansion is at the expense of the sellers, as they lose their territorial rights and all physical network connections are legally transferred to the buyer.

38. member states of NATO

Belgium

Denmark

France, Iceland

Iceland

Italy

Canada

Luxembourg

Kingdom of the Netherlands

Norway

Portugal

United Kingdom

United States of America (USA)

United Kingdom of Greece

Turkey

Federal Republic of Germany

Spain

Poland

Czech Republic

Hungary

Bulgaria

Estonia

Latvia

Lithuania

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Albania

Croatia

Montenegro

North Macedonia

Finland

Sweden

Total: 32 (as of 2024)

39. non-members of the United Nations (UN) are:

Western Sahara

Vatican City

Kosovo, Abkhazia

South Ossetia

Northern Cyprus

Palestine

Taiwan

Island state of Niue

Cook Islands

40. members of the United Nations (UN) are

Afghanistan November 19, 1946

Egypt October 24, 1945

Albania December 14, 1955

Algeria October 08, 1962

Andorra July 28, 1993

Angola December 01, 1976

Antigua and Barbuda November 11, 1981

Equatorial Guinea November 12, 1968

Argentina October 24, 1945

Armenia March 02, 1992

Azerbaijan March 02, 1992

Ethiopia November 13, 1945

Australia November 01, 1945

Bahamas September 18, 1973

Bahrain September 21, 1971

Bangladesh September 17, 1974

Barbados December 09, 1966

Belgium December 27, 1945

Belize September 25, 1981

Benin September 20, 1960

Bhutan September 21, 1971

Bolivia (Plurinational State) November 14, 1945

Bosnia and Herzegovina May 22, 1992

Botswana October 17, 1966

Brazil October 24, 1945

Brunei Darussalam September 21, 1984

Bulgaria December 14, 1955

Burkina Faso September 20, 1960

Burundi September 18, 1962

Chile October 24, 1945

China October 24, 1945

Costa Rica November 02, 1945

Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) September 20, 1960

Denmark October 24, 1945

Germany September 18, 1973

Dominica December 18, 1978

Dominican Republic October 24, 1945

DR Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo - DRC) September 20, 1960

Djibouti September 20, 1977

Ecuador December 21, 1945

El Salvador October 24, 1945

Eritrea May 28, 1993

Eswatini (Swaziland) September 24, 1968

Estonia September 17, 1991

Fiji October 13, 1970

Finland December 14, 1955

France October 24, 1945

Gabon September 20, 1960

Gambia September 21, 1965

Georgia July 31, 1992

Ghana March 08, 1957

Grenada September 17, 1974

Greece October 25, 1945

Great Britain (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) October 24, 1945

Guatemala November 21, 1945

Guinea December 12, 1958

Guinea-Bissau September 17, 1974

Guyana September 20, 1966

Haiti October 24, 1945

Honduras December 17, 1945

India October 30, 1945

Indonesia September 28, 1950

Iraq December 21, 1945

Iran (Islamic Republic of) October 24, 1945

Ireland December 14, 1955

Iceland November 19, 1946

Israel May 11, 1949

Italy December 14, 1955

Jamaica September 18, 1962

Japan December 18, 1956

Yemen September 30, 1947

Jordan December 14, 1955

Cambodia December 14, 1955

Cameroon September 20, 1960

Canada November 09, 1945

Cape Verde September 16, 1975

Kazakhstan March 02, 1992

Qatar September 21, 1971

Kenya December 16, 1963

Kyrgyzstan [also Kyrgyzstan or Kyrgyzstan] March 02, 1992

Kiribati September 14, 1999

Colombia November 05, 1945

Comoros November 12, 1975

Congo [formerly Congo-Brazzaville]

[formerly Congo-Leopoldville/Zaire see DR Congo] September 20, 1960

Croatia May 22, 1992

Cuba October 24, 1945

Kuwait May 14, 1963

Laos (Lao People's Democratic Republic) December 14, 1955

Lesotho October 17, 1966

Latvia September 17, 1991

Lebanon October 24, 1945

Liberia November 02, 1945

Libya December 14, 1955

Liechtenstein September 18, 1990

Lithuania September 17, 1991

Luxembourg October 24, 1945

Madagascar September 20, 1960

Malawi December 01, 1964

Malaysia September 17, 1957

Maldives September 21, 1965

Mali September 28, 1960

Malta December 01, 1964

Morocco November 12, 1956

Marshall Islands [also Marshall Islands] September 17, 1991

Mauritania October 27, 1961

Mauritius April 24, 1968

Mexico November 07, 1945

Micronesia (Federated States of Micronesia) September 17, 1991

Moldova (Republic of Moldova) - [also Moldova] March 02, 1992

Monaco May 28, 1993

Mongolia October 27, 1961

Montenegro June 28, 2006

Mozambique September 16, 1975

Myanmar [also Burma or Burma] April 19, 1948

Namibia April 23, 1990

Nauru September 14, 1999

Nepal December 14, 1955

New Zealand October 24, 1945

Nicaragua October 24, 1945

Netherlands December 10, 1945

Niger September 20, 1960

Nigeria October 07, 1960

North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) September 17, 1991

North Macedonia April 08, 1993

Norway November 27, 1945

Oman October 07, 1971

Austria December 14, 1955

East Timor (Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) September 27, 2002

Pakistan September 30, 1947

Palau December 15, 1994

Panama November 13, 1945

Papua New Guinea October 10, 1975

Paraguay October 24, 1945

Peru October 31, 1945

Philippines October 24, 1945

Poland October 24, 1945

Portugal December 14, 1955

Rwanda September 18, 1962

Romania December 14, 1955

Russia (Russian Federation) October 24, 1945

Solomon Islands September 19, 1978

Zambia December 01, 1964

Samoa December 15, 1976

San Marino March 02, 1992

Sao Tome and Principe September 16, 1975

Saudi Arabia October 24, 1945

Sweden November 19, 1946

Switzerland September 10, 2002

Senegal September 28, 1960

Serbia September 01, 2000

Seychelles September 21, 1976

Sierra Leone September 27, 1961

Zimbabwe August 25, 1980

Singapore September 21, 1965

Slovakia January 19, 1993

Slovenia May 22, 1992

Somalia September 20, 1960

Spain December 14, 1955

Sri Lanka December 14, 1955

Saint Kitts and Nevis September 23, 1983

Saint Lucia September 18, 1979

St. Vincent and the Grenadines September 16, 1980

South Africa November 07, 1945

Sudan November 12, 1956

South Korea (Republic of Korea) September 17, 1991

South Sudan July 14, 2011

Suriname December 04, 1975

Syria October 24, 1945

Tajikistan March 02, 1992

Tanzania (United Republic of Tanzania) December 14, 1961

Thailand December 16, 1946

Togo September 20, 1960

Tonga September 14, 1999

Trinidad and Tobago September 18, 1962

Chad September 20, 1960

Czech Republic January 19, 1993

Tunisia November 12, 1956

Türkiye (Turkey) October 24, 1945

Turkmenistan [also Turkmenia] March 02, 1992

Tuvalu September 05, 2000

Uganda October 25, 1962

Ukraine October 24, 1945

Hungary December 14, 1955

Uruguay December 18, 1945

Uzbekistan March 02, 1992

Vanuatu September 15, 1981

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic) November 15, 1945

United Arab Emirates [UAE] December 09, 1971

United States of America [USA] October 24, 1945

Vietnam September 20, 1977

Belarus October 24, 1945

Central African Republic September 20, 1960

Cyprus September 20, 1960