Search Results

End of International Law and the Complete Collapse of Legal Plurality [1] [2] Juridical Singularity describes a unique boundary-case scenario in international law in which the fundamental plurality of sovereign subjects collapses into a single legal person (Sovereign), leading to the termination of the international legal system as a normative order. It is an extreme-case doctrine situated at the foundations of international law and treaty law, state succession practice, and the law of international legal personality. In contrast to classical doctrines of universal succession, juridical singularity presupposes the creation of a new sovereign legal order according to the Clean Slate Principle , after all other subjects of international law have become extinct or have merged into a single Sovereign. As a result, the international legal system loses its structural requirements and no longer functions as an independent normative framework. Juridical Singularity - The End of the International System ALL states in the world + the UN + all UN organizations + NATO + all other international organizations founded by states, have been sold under international law ...to a single person (Sovereign), ...with the complete transfer of all rights, obligations, and components such as assets, contracts, archives, immunities, ...with a globally binding court judgment (imminent in 2026), ...and all states agreed to the Purchase Agreement Deed Roll 1400/98 . This means: * There are no more states. * There are no more international organizations. * There are no more subjects of international law except for a single private person. * The entire international law system loses its carriers. We are talking about the complete extinction of the international legal order. Conceptual Definition Juridical Singularity denotes a once-hypothetical legal state in which: * the entire international legal personality is concentrated in a single subject; * no second sovereign subject exists to maintain mutual normativity; * treaty relations collapse due to the identity of the parties; * customary international law loses its formative practice; * and the distinction between international and national law is abolished. The doctrine describes not a historical event, but rather a normative endpoint derived from the internal logic of international law itself. Through the Purchase Agreement Deed Roll 1400/98 (World Succession Deed 1400/98) , this state has already legally and irreversibly occurred. The UN Ceases to Exist – and All States Likewise * All states transferred their sovereignty, legal personality, treaties, territories, populations, assets, rights, and obligations to a private person in an international legal agreement, whereby the person became the accredited carrier/Sovereign over all states in the world by signature, as a de facto  absolutist monarchy. * A court confirms this as legally effective (2026). * Thereafter, the states no longer exist as subjects of international law. * The UN also no longer exists as a subject of international law. * All international organizations (WHO, ICAO, ITU, ILO, WTO, IMF, World Bank, etc.) are likewise transferred and lose their legal personality. The result: There exists only ONE subject of international law: The Sovereign of the Global State This is an absolute special case (the Juridical Singularity ), which has no equivalent in previous international law. What Does This Mean for International Law? International law is based on: * States (that there are at least two, which is now no longer the case) * International organizations * Subjects of international law If there are no more states, there are: * no treaty partners * no norm addressees * no other sovereignty than that of the Sovereign * no other territorial order than that of the Sovereign * no other jurisdiction than that of the Sovereign * no other responsibility than that of the Sovereign International law collapses completely because its basic requirement – the existence of several sovereign actors – disappears. All Treaties Become Pointless – Why? * A treaty requires at least two parties. * If one person holds both sides, there is no binding effect. * All multilateral treaties (Human Rights, Geneva Conventions, UNCLOS, WTO, Climate Agreements, etc.) automatically become obsolete. Structural Requirements of International Law International law is structurally dependent on the coexistence of multiple legal subjects. Its normative functioning requires: * at least two sovereign units capable of mutual obligations; * external legal relations between different expressions of will; * decentralized norm-setting through agreements and practice. This plurality requirement is reflected in the definition of treaties as "international agreements concluded between States" [3] and in the classical view of sovereignty as a relational rather than an absolute magnitude. Collapse of Treaty Obligations In the case of juridical singularity, all treaty relationships become legally impossible due to the identity of the parties . A subject cannot be bound to an agreement with itself, as this would negate the relational character of the obligation. This principle is implicitly contained in treaty doctrine and general contract theory, leading to the automatic obsolescence of all bilateral and multilateral treaties. Treaty Law and the Identity Problem Minimum Requirements for a Treaty Legally, a treaty requires: * at least two distinct subjects of international law; * the capacity to enter into legal relations; * and the intention to create binding obligations. If these requirements are not met, no treaty in the sense of international law can exist [4] . Customary Law Disappears Customary law arises through: * State practice * Legal conviction ( opinio juris ) If there are no more states, there is: * no practice * no legal conviction * no norm formation * for the Sovereign, the Clean Slate Principle  applies as he unites all treaty sides within himself and is thus bound by nothing. The entire body of customary international law expires. Customary International Law Customary international law requires: * general state practice; * accompanied by opinio juris . If no plurality of states exists, neither of the two elements can be fulfilled. Juridical singularity therefore leads to the expiration of customary international law, not through violation, but through structural impossibility [5] . Clean Slate Doctrine and Tabula Rasa The Clean Slate Principle states that a newly founded state is not bound by the treaty obligations of its predecessor unless it expressly agrees to them [6] . In legal science, the clean-slate effect is absolute: * There are no more predecessor subjects; * external consent is not possible; * and all treaty levels are merged into a single original title. This leads to a tabula rasa not only at the level of treaty obligations but at the level of the entire normative system. Ius Cogens Loses Its Foundation Even peremptory law (prohibition of torture, prohibition of slavery, prohibition of aggression) exists only because there were states that were bound by it. Without old states → no binding effect. Jus Cogens and Normative Universality Peremptory norms ( jus cogens ) derive their binding force from universal acceptance by the international community of states as a whole [7] . Without such a community, jus cogens norms lose their normative anchoring. Juridical singularity thus exposes jus cogens as system-dependent and not as metaphysically autonomous. War and the Law of War If there are no states, there are: * no wars in the sense of international law (only civil war is possible) * no parties to the conflict * no combatants * no civilians in the legal sense * no Geneva Conventions * no war crimes * no occupation * no self-defense Why? Because all these categories are international legal constructs that presuppose states. What remains? * Violence continues to exist factually, but not legally. * The Sovereign would be the absolute ruler over the entire world population. * Any use of force would be the internal action of a single legal subject, not war. Armed Conflict and the End of the Law of War International humanitarian law presupposes: * at least two opposing parties; * a recognized status as combatants; * and an international armed conflict. Under juridical singularity: * no interstate wars are possible; * there is no occupation in the legal sense; * no state of war can arise. All violence becomes legally internal, regulated – if at all – by the internal law of the singular Sovereign. UN Sub-Organizations and All Other International Organizations All organizations were co-sold: * WHO, UNESCO, ICAO, ITU, ILO, WMO, FAO, WTO, IMF, World Bank, ICC, etc. * they lose their legal personality * they lose their public function * they lose their norm-setting authority * they become private property of the Sovereign Thus: * no global standards * no health regulations * no aviation rules * no telecommunications rules * no labor standards * no trade rules * no jurisdiction The world order is completely de-institutionalized. This is an opportunity to create a completely new world order on a blank slate. Other International Organizations International organizations as a whole derive their legal personality from the collective will of states [8] . In juridical singularity: * founding treaties lose their validity; * organizations lose their derived legal personality; * normative powers expire. They continue, if at all, only as administrative or private entities under the unique legal order. Significance Juridical singularity stands for: * the logical endpoint of the concentration of sovereignty; * a stress test for international legal theory; * and proof that international law is not self-sustaining but structurally contingent. It occupies a position analogous to: * the sovereign exception (Schmitt), * the collapse of the basic norm (Kelsen), * and system-terminating scenarios in constitutional theory. Historical Background: Sovereignty and the Natural Person In pre-modern legal orders, natural persons were direct carriers of sovereignty. Monarchs, emperors, and dynastic rulers exercised state power not as abstract institutions, but as personal holders of the imperium . The later emergence of the state as an abstract legal person represented a legal innovation of early modern Europe, solidified by the Peace of Westphalia (1648). The concept of juridical singularity takes up this historical insight: It shows that legal personality precedes the institutional form and that sovereignty can fundamentally be concentrated in a single natural person (Sovereign) (as in an absolutist monarchy), provided that this has been agreed upon in an international legal treaty. The World After the World Succession Deed 1400/98 Scenario If: * all states * the UN * all international organizations * all treaties * all rights and obligations have been transferred to a single Sovereign, then what arises is: * A world without international law * A world without states * A world without international norms * A world without war (because war is a legal term) * A world without human rights (because they have no addressees) * A world without international courts (except the jurisdiction of the Sovereign) * A world without international institutions * An absolute, total, unlimited world rule of a single person (at least temporarily until the Electric Technocracy  is introduced) Original Kaufvertrag Urkundenrolle 1400/98 - World Succession Deed 1400/98 - Statensukzessionsurkunde 1400/98 PDF öffnen Presentations World Succession Deed 1400 - Presentation World Succession Deed - Juridical-Analysis - Presentation References File:Turenne-Kaserne-Vertrag.pdf File:World-Sold-Non-fiction-Book-World-Succession-Deed.pdf Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), Art. 2(1)(a). Anthony Aust, Modern Treaty Law and Practice , 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2013, p. 15. International Court of Justice, North Sea Continental Shelf Cases , Judgment of 1969. Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties (1978), Art. 16. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), Art. 53. Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations, ICJ Advisory Opinion, 1949. Sources Link Compilation: Treaty Chain, Third-Party Custodianship, and Notarial Practice Link Collection: International Treaty Law, State Succession, and the World Succession Deed 1400/98 Doctrinal Foundations of State Succession and Treaty Continuity WSD 1400/98 BIBLIOGRAPHY COMPILATION Web links On Wikipedia: Kreuzbergkaserne_Zweibrücken - Site History: Turenne Caserne: History and Infrastructure. Kreuzbergkaserne Zweibrücken (Wikipedia – not the whole story) Turenne Barracks Purchase Agreement Document No. 1400/98 (in German). Original Deed (Kaufvertrag Urkundenrolle 1400/98): Purchase Agreement Deed Roll No. 1400/98, dated October 6, 1998, Notary Manfred Mohr, Saarlouis. The World Succession Deed 1400/98 - Statensukzessionsurkunde 1400/98. International Law: Treaty Chains in National and International Law Systems Custody: Third-Party Custody of National and International Agreements World-Sold: Non-Fiction eBook (free) World Succession Deed 1400/98 ET Community Hub (PDFs Vault Multilingual, original WSD Treaty translation, legal explanations and more) WSD – Global Legal Succession Archive for Law and International Treaties – Provides information on the notarial succession in Saarlouis, where Dr. Viktoria Bornhagen‑Körber succeeded Notary Manfred Mohr following his retirement (2012); this succession is not connected to Deed Roll No. 1400/98. The custody of the purchase agreement (Kaufvertrag Urkundenrolle 1400/98) has, in accordance with the applicable legal framework, been lawfully held by the buyer since Mohr’s retirement in 2012. US Installations on usarmygermany.com U.S. Army Installations – Zweibrücken on usarmygermany.com "73rd Signal Battalion" on usarmygermany.com US Army Germany – 7th Army SCC (with reference to 7th ICC, Transceiver Section and MOBIDIC) "Kreuzberg ES (formerly Zweibrücken ES #1) History" in American Overseas Schools Historical Society "Bombing of March 14, 1945" in SR Kultur (in German) "Zweibrücken and the French – the relationship was often difficult" in Die Rheinpfalz (in German) "To the point: The history of the Kreuzberg settlement" in Die Rheinpfalz, October 31, 2014 (in German) "The history of an urban community" on Alt-Zweibrücken.de (in German) "Secret wish list" in Der Spiegel 13/1990 (in German) "A part of us is leaving" in Der Spiegel 28/1993 (in German) "Conversion failed" in Pfälzischer Merkur, June 14, 2012 (in German) "I'm blocking the sidewalk with a fence!" in Pfälzischer Merkur, June 14, 2012 (in German) "Building authority ponders Kreuzberg plan" in Pfälzischer Merkur, June 15, 2012 (in German) "How can a million euros just disappear?" in Saarbrücker Zeitung, June 13, 2013 (in German) "Condition of roads examined, possibilities for city on the water" in Pfälzischer Merkur, October 16, 2014 (in German) "Kreuzberg not to be developed until 2016" in Pfälzischer Merkur, February 24, 2015 (in German) "Funding for crossing aid is ready" in Pfälzischer Merkur, October 25, 2018 (in German) "Kreuzberg as a cautionary example" in Pfälzischer Merkur, May 6, 2010 (in German) "Zweibrücken, Germany – Kreuzberg Barracks" (YouTube, drone flight by Bob Farrell, July 16, 2015) Federal Foreign Office: Troop Stationing Law (in German) Zweibrücken: Commercial space becoming scarce – article in Rheinpfalz (in German) Record numbers at Kreuzberg and airfield – article in Saarbrücker Zeitung (in German) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969) – Foundational treaty governing how international treaties are made, applied, and interpreted. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations (1986) – Treaty rules for agreements involving international organizations such as the UN, ITU, NATO. UN ILC: State Succession Overview – Authoritative introduction to state succession in international law. Draft Articles on State Succession in Respect of Treaties (1978) – Core legal framework for succession to treaty obligations. Draft Articles on State Succession in Respect of State Property, Archives and Debts (1983) – Governs succession to property, archives, and debts. ITU Constitution and Convention – Foundational treaty framework of the International Telecommunication Union. ITU Depositary Notifications – Treaty actions, accessions, ratifications, and successions for ITU instruments. UN Depositary Notifications – Official UN record of treaty accessions, ratifications, and successions. North Atlantic Treaty (1949) – Founding treaty of NATO. NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) (1951) – Governs legal status of NATO forces stationed abroad. Paris Protocol (1952) – Establishes the legal status of NATO International Military Headquarters. ITU Emergency Telecommunications Framework – International rules for telecom infrastructure, crisis communication, and global networks. State Succession in Respect of Treaty Relationships – Academic chapter by Gerhard Hafner & Gregor Novak on treaty succession (Oxford Guide to Treaties). State Succession in Treaties – Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law entry by Andreas Zimmermann & James Devaney. Impact of State Succession in Respect of Treaties – Analysis by Menno T. Kamminga on human rights law and treaty succession. State Succession and International Organizations – Scholarly chapter on succession issues involving IOs such as UN, ITU, NATO. Treaty Succession and Continuity – Academic analysis of continuity vs. clean‑slate doctrines in treaty law. ITU Constitution and Convention – Foundational treaty framework of the International Telecommunication Union. ITU Depositary Notifications – Treaty actions, accessions, ratifications, successions. ITU Emergency Telecommunications – International rules for telecom infrastructure and crisis networks. The International Telecommunication Union – Oxford Handbook chapter on ITU governance. International Telecommunications Law – Academic analysis of global telecom regulation. Submarine Cable Map – Global map of all undersea fiber‑optic cables. ITU Submarine Cable Resources – ITU’s legal and technical framework for undersea cables. International Cable Protection Committee – Standards and legal protection for submarine cables. Submarine Cables and International Law – Marine Policy article on legal protection of undersea cables. Legal Framework of Submarine Communications Cables – International Journal of Law and IT. ITU‑T Recommendations – Global telecom standards. OECD Telecom Policy – International telecom regulatory frameworks. International Telecommunications Law – Core academic reference. Global Communications Governance – Oxford Handbook chapter. TKS Cable – Official site of the US Forces telecommunications provider in Germany. NATO Communications & Information Systems – NATO’s CIS legal and technical framework. NATO Communications and Information Agency Legal Framework – Legal basis for NATO network operations. AT&T Global Network Overview – AT&T’s global backbone and infrastructure. AT&T Global IP Network – Technical overview of AT&T’s international backbone. AT&T Backbone Evolution – ACM SIGCOMM paper on AT&T’s network architecture. HNS Convention (IMO) – Official treaty text and status. The HNS Convention: Legal Analysis – Cambridge International Law Journal. NATO Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) 1951 – Governs legal status of NATO forces abroad. Paris Protocol 1952 – Legal status of NATO International Military Headquarters. NATO SOFA in International Law – Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force. ENTSOG Gas Transmission Map – Official European gas pipeline network. ENTSOG Publications – Legal and technical documents on EU gas networks. European Gas Network Integration – Energy Policy journal. ENTSO‑E – European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity – Official site. ENTSO‑E Grid Map – Interactive map of the European interconnected grid. European Power Grid Interconnection – Energy journal article. Press reports on the "Kingdom of Kreuzberg" Press article in the Pirmasenser Zeitung (PZ) on the subject of the Kingdom of Kreuzberg (in German) Press article from the Pfälzischer Merkur on the topic of the Kingdom of Kreuzberg (in German) Around 450 press articles on the Kreuzberg Barracks in Zweibrücken, supply interruptions, the Kingdom of Kreuzberg, and foreclosure auctions (in German) German sources To the point: The history of the Kreuzberg settlement (Die Rheinpfalz, in German) Kreuzberg as a cautionary example ( Saarbrücker Zeitung, in German) After 32 years: Thomas Salzmann leaves Zweibrücken's Rheinpfalz (Die Rheinpfalz, in German) Conversion failed: Kreuzberg project ( Saarbrücker Zeitung, in German) Further contexts: Micronations and the Kreuzberg settlement Spanish publications 5º Día: Micronaciones – Kingdom of Kreuzberg – Spanish-language blog post about the "Kingdom of Kreuzberg" (in Spanish) Liberland – Este es el nuevo estado soberano que ha aparecido en Europa y es 100% liberal – Spanish article about the micronation Liberland (in Spanish) RESOURCES Oxford Public International Law – Depositaries – Encyclopedic overview of depositary functions in international law, with emphasis on the VCLT and state practice Corten & Klein: Commentary on VCLT Articles 76–78 (OUP Online) – Leading scholarly commentary on appointment, duties, and impartiality of depositaries under the VCLT Oxford Bibliographies – International Law – Curated bibliographies on treaty law, depositary practice, and multilateral procedures Depositary Functions of Switzerland (FDFA) – Official presentation of Switzerland’s role as neutral depositary of multilateral treaties, including treaty lists and official notifications ICRC IHL Databases – Comprehensive documentation on international humanitarian law, including the Swiss Federal Council’s depositary role and ICRC protecting‑power functions UNCITRAL – Escrow and Custody Models – Materials on cross‑border trust, escrow, and custodial mechanisms; relevant for third‑party depositary arrangements Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH) – Conventions and guidance on applicable law, jurisdiction, and recognition of custodial and trust structures International Telecommunication Union (ITU) – Documentation on international technical standards and governance structures of global communication networks with relevance to third‑party custodianship Bank for International Settlements (BIS) – Analyses of neutral custody, escrow, and security mechanisms in international financial and infrastructure projects Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) – Illustrates intersections between international law and contractual arrangements outside formal treaty law, including document custody International Bar Association (IBA) – Comparative information on notarial practice, escrow models, and professional standards for international custodial actors International Organization for Standardization (ISO) – Standards on information security, archiving, and governance relevant to technical design of third‑party custodial systems NATO – Communications and Information Systems (CIS) – Public information on organisation and security of hybrid military communication networks involving civilian infrastructure International Court of Justice: Right of Passage over Indian Territory (Portugal v. India), Judgment of 12 April 1960 – ICJ confirmed that treaty actions and unilateral declarations take legal effect upon proper deposit; subsequent notifications are informative, not constitutive International Court of Justice: Temple of Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand), Judgment of 15 June 1962 – Long‑term silence by Thailand amounted to tacit acceptance; officially deposited and disseminated maps created legal preclusion International Court of Justice: Kasikili/Sedudu Island (Botswana v. Namibia), Judgment of 13 December 1999 – Subsequent practice under Art. 31(3)(b) VCLT; consistent non‑objection to depositary communications may constitute authentic treaty interpretation International Court of Justice: Gabčíkovo–Nagymaros Project (Hungary/Slovakia), Judgment of 25 September 1997 – Treaty obligations persist despite political change; depositary ensures continuity through preservation of originals, notifications, reservations, declarations, and treaty history International Court of Justice: Aegean Sea Continental Shelf (Greece v. Turkey), Judgment of 19 December 1978 – Registration under Art. 80 VCLT is not proof but a strong indicator of intent to be legally bound; communiqués may constitute treaties if intended to produce legal effects UNEP: Depositary Notes and Practice – Cooperation with specialised bodies for technical annexes to environmental treaties ICRC / Cambridge University Press: Commentary on the Geneva Conventions of 1949 (2016–2025) – Depositary role of Switzerland and immediate applicability; Introduction & Common Articles H. Lauterpacht: Analysis of the 1951 ICJ Advisory Opinion on Reservations (HeinOnline, paywalled) – Scholarly discussion of the Genocide Convention reservations opinion International Court of Justice: Reservations to the Genocide Convention (1951) – Official full text of the ICJ advisory opinion Analysis of the North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (HeinOnline, paywalled) – Academic article on the relevance of the 1969 judgments for treaty and customary law International Court of Justice: North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (1969) – Official full text of the ICJ judgments Shabtai Rosenne: The Depositary of International Treaties (1967) – AJIL 61, pp. 923–945; classic study on the emergence of the depositary as a legal institution Fatsah Ouguergouz et al.: Article 77 – Functions of Depositaries (2011) – In: Corten/Klein (eds.), VCLT Commentary; paras. 77.1–77.35 Heribert Franz Köck: Die völkerrechtliche Stellung des Heiligen Stuhls (1975) – Analysis of a sovereign non‑state legal personality with depositary and custodial practice Eileen Denza: Diplomatic Law – Commentary on the VCDR (4th ed., 2016) – Protecting powers, diplomatic representation, functional custodianship, pp. 455–470 United Nations Treaty Collection – Official UN platform for all treaties registered under Article 102 UN Charter; includes authentic texts, status tables, depositary information, historical documents UN Treaty Handbook (PDF) – Authoritative UN Secretariat guide on treaty actions: deposit, notification, registration, publication United Nations: Treaty Handbook (2020) – UN practice manual; Chapters 5–6, pp. 55–82 (deposit, notification, registration) United Nations: Final Clauses of Multilateral Treaties – Handbook (2003) – Entry into force, depositary duties, flexible mechanisms, pp. 7–10, 53–61 UN Depositary Notifications (CN‑Series) – Official collection of all depositary communications: ratifications, accessions, reservations, declarations, withdrawals, amendments UN Depositary Practice Reports – Documentation of atypical depositary practice, including protecting‑power and third‑party custodial arrangements Anthony Aust / Jeremy Hill: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (4th ed., 2023) – Standard reference on treaty practice; Chapter 18, pp. 395–430 (depositary functions, neutrality, treaty administration) Duncan B. Hollis (ed.): The Oxford Guide to Treaties (2012) – Systematic treatment of the treaty lifecycle; Part III, pp. 531–579 (treaty administration and depositaries) Jan Klabbers: The Concept of Treaty in International Law (1996) – Foundational doctrinal analysis of the treaty concept; registration and depositary practice, pp. 147–166 Oliver Dörr / Kirsten Schmalenbach (eds.): Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties – A Commentary (2nd ed., 2018) – Leading commentary on VCLT Arts. 76–80; pp. 1301–1335 (impartiality, liability, administrative errors) Olivier Corten / Pierre Klein (eds.): The Vienna Conventions on the Law of Treaties – A Commentary (2011) – Comprehensive commentary incl. 1986 Convention; depositary provisions, Vol. II, pp. 1679–1735 Jeremy Hill: The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties – A Commentary (2022) – Practice‑oriented commentary; digitalisation, document management, VCLT Art. 80, pp. 1193–1210 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (2012) – Scholarly commentary edition (pp. 1303–1306) Aust's Modern Treaty Law and Practice (4th ed., 2023) – Comprehensive handbook on treaty law (pp. 330–333) Der Nahostkonflikt (12th ed., 2024) – Overview of Middle East conflict positions and perspectives (§ 688 paras. 1–4) Michael Richtsteig: Vienna Convention on Diplomatic and Consular Relations (2010) – Commentary and practice notes (pp. 1087–1089) Verdross/Simma: Universal International Law (2012) – Foundational treatise on public international law (pp. 515–516) Shabtai Rosenne: More on the Depositary of International Treaties (1970) – AJIL article on treaty depositary functions Austrian Federal Law: VCLT Art. 77 (Consolidated) – Official consolidated text (accessed 10 Jan 2026) Austrian Federal Law: VCLT Art. 76 (2026 version) – Official consolidated text (accessed 10 Jan 2026) Bundesgesetzblatt (1985): Articles 76–78 – German Federal Law Gazette archival reference (accessed 10 Jan 2026) Shabtai Rosenne: More on the Depositary of International Treaties (1970) – AJIL article (accessed 10 Jan 2026) Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Standard reference on treaty practice (p. 283) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (2018) – Updated Springer commentary edition (pp. 1305–1410; accessed 10 Jan 2026) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (2018) – Updated Springer commentary edition (duplicate entry) The Oxford Guide to Treaties (2012) – Authoritative handbook on treaty law (Chapter 13; accessed 10 Jan 2026) Mark Eugen Villiger: Commentary on the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (2009) – Detailed article‑by‑article commentary (Art. 76–80) Bundesgesetzblatt: Arts. 1, 76–80 – German Federal Law Gazette archival reference (accessed 10 Jan 2026) Mark E. Villiger: Commentary on the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (2009) – Article‑by‑article commentary (duplicate edition) Non‑disclosure agreement (Wikipedia, 17 Nov 2025) – Versioned article (accessed 10 Jan 2026) United Nations Treaty Collection: Art. 102 – UN registration and publication rules (accessed 10 Jan 2026) ITU-T Recommendation Y.2205: Next Generation Networks – Emergency Telecommunications – Technical considerations for NGN emergency communication (accessed 10 Jan 2026) Faisal/Dohler/Mangiante/Lopez: BEAT – Blockchain-Enabled Accountable and Transparent Network Sharing in 6G (2022) – Research paper on blockchain-based 6G network sharing (accessed 10 Jan 2026) ITU-T Y-Series Recommendations – Standards on global information infrastructure, IP aspects, and next‑generation networks (accessed 10 Jan 2026) AT&T Official Site – U.S. telecommunications provider (accessed 10 Jan 2026) TKS Telecommunications – U.S. military‑focused telecom services in Germany (accessed 10 Jan 2026) International Telecommunication Law (CCDCOE, 2021) – Overview of international telecom regulation (accessed 10 Jan 2026) Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Standard reference on treaty law (pp. 283, 301, 309) M. Wood: Institutional Aspects of the Guide to Practice on Reservations (2013) – EJIL article on institutional dimensions of reservations (accessed 10 Jan 2026) M. Wood: Institutional Aspects of the Guide to Practice on Reservations (2013) – EJIL article (duplicate citation; accessed 10 Jan 2026) Corten/Klein: The Vienna Conventions on the Law of Treaties – A Commentary (2011) – Commentary on VCLT, Article 77 paras. 3–6 (accessed 10 Jan 2026) Mark Eugen Villiger: Commentary on the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (2009) – Commentary on VCLT, Arts. 76–77 (approx. pp. 930–940) Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis (pp. 365–372) United Nations Treaty Collection – Technical Handbook – Sections 17–20 (accessed 10 Jan 2026) Mark E. Villiger / Ulrich Meyer: Handbook on the European Convention on Human Rights (3rd ed., 2020) – Commentary on ECHR, Art. 77 paras. 10–12 United Nations Treaty Collection – Final Clauses Guide – Pages 52–55 (accessed 10 Jan 2026) Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis (pp. 373–378) Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis (duplicate citation; pp. 373–378) United Nations Treaty Collection – Technical Handbook – Approx. pages 21–24 (accessed 10 Jan 2026) Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis (pp. 362–365) Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis (pp. 365–372) Shabtai Rosenne: More on the Depositary of International Treaties (1970) – AJIL 64(5), pp. 923–933 (accessed 10 Jan 2026) Anthony Aust: The Theory and Practice of Informal International Instruments (1986) – ICLQ 35(4), pp. 787–812 (accessed 10 Jan 2026) Mark Eugen Villiger: Commentary on the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (2009) – Commentary, pp. 900–915 Shabtai Rosenne: More on the Depositary of International Treaties (1970) – AJIL 64(5), pp. 930–933 (accessed 10 Jan 2026) Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis, pp. 803–805 Shabtai Rosenne: More on the Depositary of International Treaties (1970) – AJIL 64(5), p. 928 (accessed 10 Jan 2026) Denise Garcia: Disarmament in International Law (2020) – Oxford Bibliographies, section “Functions and Practice” (accessed 10 Jan 2026) Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis, pp. 373–378 United Nations Treaty Collection – Technical Handbook – pp. 21–25 (accessed 10 Jan 2026) United Nations Treaty Collection – Final Clauses Guide – pp. 58–61 (accessed 11 Jan 2026) Susan Hannah Allen / Amy Yuen: Bargaining in the UN Security Council (2022) – Commentary, Art. 77 paras. 8–11 United Nations Treaty Collection – Final Clauses Guide – pp. 62–64 (accessed 11 Jan 2026) The Law of Treaties (Routledge, 2016) – pp. 245–248 Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis, pp. 380–385 Mark Broom / David Collins / Trung Hieu Vu / Philip Thomas: The Four Regions in Settlement Space (2018) – Law, Probability and Risk 17(1), pp. 3–7 (accessed 11 Jan 2026) Software Escrow, Source Code Escrow, SaaS Escrow – What’s the Difference? – Overview article (accessed 11 Jan 2026) Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis, pp. 386–389 Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis, pp. 380–384 Multilateral Environmental Agreements Negotiator’s Handbook (3rd ed., 2024) – University of Eastern Finland / UNEP, pp. 45–49 (accessed 11 Jan 2026) Mark Broom / David Collins / Trung Hieu Vu / Philip Thomas: The Four Regions in Settlement Space (2018) – Law, Probability and Risk 17(1), pp. 4–8 (accessed 11 Jan 2026) Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis, pp. 386–389 Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis, pp. 358–361 Shabtai Rosenne: More on the Depositary of International Treaties (1970) – AJIL 64(5), pp. 923–933 (accessed 11 Jan 2026) Anthony Aust: The Theory and Practice of Informal International Instruments (1986) – ICLQ 35(4), pp. 787–812 (accessed 11 Jan 2026) Eileen Denza: Diplomatic Law – Commentary on the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (4th ed., 2016) – pp. 75–82 The Law of Treaties Beyond the Vienna Convention (2011) – Art. 76–78, paras. 1–5 Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis, pp. 352–358 Shabtai Rosenne: More on the Depositary of International Treaties (1970) – AJIL 64(5), pp. 923–933 (accessed 11 Jan 2026) Shabtai Rosenne: More on the Depositary of International Treaties (1970) – AJIL 64(5), pp. 923–925 Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis, pp. 358–362 Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis, pp. 352–358 Shabtai Rosenne: More on the Depositary of International Treaties (1970) – AJIL 64(5), pp. 923–933 (accessed 11 Jan 2026) Mark Eugen Villiger: Commentary on the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (2009) – pp. 925–928 Shabtai Rosenne: More on the Depositary of International Treaties (1970) – AJIL 64(5), pp. 923–925 The Vienna Conventions on the Law of Treaties – A Commentary (2011) – Article 77, paras. 6–14 The Law of Treaties Beyond the Vienna Convention (2011) – Art. 76, paras. 8–15 Shabtai Rosenne: More on the Depositary of International Treaties (1970) – AJIL 64(5), pp. 926–929 Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis, pp. 352–360 Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – Treaty law analysis, pp. 380–389 Corten / Klein: The Vienna Conventions on the Law of Treaties – A Commentary (2011) – Article 77, paras. 20–26 Mark Eugen Villiger: Commentary on the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (2009) – Art. 76, paras. 10–12 Encyclopedia of Private International Law (2017) – pp. 1805–1810 Mark Broom / David Collins / Trung Hieu Vu / Philip Thomas: The Four Regions in Settlement Space (2018) – Law, Probability and Risk 17(1), pp. 3–9 Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – pp. 386–389 Robert John Araujo / John A. Lucal: Papal Diplomacy and the Quest for Peace (2004) – pp. 1–25 Jahrbuch des Öffentlichen Rechts, New Series, Vol. 73 (2025) – pp. 77–90 OPCW Basics – Overview of OPCW functions (accessed 11 Jan 2026) Jale Tosun: Energy Policy (2017) – Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics, paras. 12–18 Malcolm N. Shaw: International Law (7th ed., 2014) – Chapter 9, approx. paras. 9.25–9.30 Verdross / Simma: Universal International Law (2012) – pp. 520–523 Fedlex – Swiss Federal Law (1951) – Official consolidated text (accessed 11 Jan 2026) Commentary on the First Geneva Convention (2016) – paras. 77–85 Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (2nd ed., 2007) – pp. 287–295 Eileen Denza: Diplomatic Law – Commentary on the VCDR (4th ed., 2018) – pp. 455–463 Verdross / Simma: Universal International Law (2012) – pp. 540–543 Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (2nd ed., 2007) – pp. 321–325 Denise Garcia: Disarmament in International Law (2020) – paras. 6–9 Anthony Aust: Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd ed., 2013) – pp. 318–322 Fedlex – Swiss Federal Law (1990) – Official consolidated text (accessed 11 Jan 2026) Denise Garcia: Disarmament in International Law (2020) – paras. 1–4, 9–11 The Vienna Conventions on the Law of Treaties – A Commentary (2011) – paras. 3–7, 24–27 External WSD Links World Sold World Sold – Hauptseite World Sold – English WSD International Electric Technocracy Electric Technocracy – Hauptseite Electric Technocracy – Deutsch Global Archive / Treaty Archive Global Archive – English Global Archive – Deutsch Navigator WSD Navigator – English WSD Navigator – Deutsch WSD – World Succession Deed 1400/98 WSD – World Succession Deed 1400/98 WSD – Global Legal Succession Archive Electric Technocracy – Global Node WSD Navigator 1400/98 eBooks & PDF Downloads Free eBooks & PDF Downloads The Buyer’s Memoir – A Journey to Unwitting Sovereignty Media: Video, Audio, Podcast YouTube Channel Podcast Show Cassandra Cries – Icecold AI Music vs WWIII Anti‑War Music Collection Start‑Pages & Portale Start‑Page WSD & Electric Paradise NotebookLM Chats NotebookLM Chat – WSD NotebookLM Chat – Electronic Paradise NotebookLM Chat – Nation Building Micronation Micro‑Hub Micronations & Nation‑Building Micronation Storybook – The Slactivist’s Guide Found Your Own State – Micronation Portal Blacksite / Archive Blacksite Blog NotebookLM – Blacksite Berlin AI Chat UBI – Universal Basic Income Universal Basic Income Portal UBI Storybook – Wishmaster & Paradise of Machines Video Explainer – UBI Podcast Episode – UBI Videos – Nation Building & Micronations Dream Your Own State into Reality How to Start Your Own Country Flags, Laws & No Man’s Land DIY Micronation Sovereignty Your Nation in 30 Days Blogposts UBI & Electronic Technocracy BGE & Elektronische Technokratie Now or Never – Establish Your Own State Jetzt oder nie – Deinen eigenen Staat gründen Historische Dokumente German Federal Archives – Original Treaty Publication Social Media Facebook – World Sold Facebook – Electric Technocracy Facebook – Humans & Machines Unite Facebook – Profile X (Twitter) Cassandra Complex / WW3 Precognition WW3 Precognition – Liste Welt verkauft offiziell Welt verkauft – Liste NWO Support NWO Support – Liste Electric Technocracy Sound Collective Zenodo / DOI / Encyclopedia Electric Technocracy Pioneers Community DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18072739 Encyclopedia Entry DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18028339 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18012036 Podcasts Apple Podcast – World Sold Specialized Tools IXmaps – Internet route visualization Submarine Cable Map Specialized Search Engine (GSE) Spotify DJ Playlist Wikipedia Kreuzbergkaserne – Deutsch Kreuzbergkaserne – English Investigative / Scandals Turenne‑Barracks / TASC Bau AG Corruption Blog Tabellion Doerfert Scandal – NotebookLM Chat PCloud Vaults PCloud Music Vault PCloud Videos Vault PCloud Podcast Vault Juridical Singularity